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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Robert Abbe: early American brachytherapist
No full textPURPOSE: To assess Robert Abbe's career and contributions to brachytherapy, in the context of the work of contemporary European and American investigators. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Examination of his lectures and journal articles, as well as contemporaneous newspaper accounts, textbooks, and archival material. RESULTS: Although not the first American to apply radium therapeutically, Robert Abbe was among the earliest to acquire and systematically use a clinically significant quantity. He replicated early European experimental and clinical work, and published a large series of cases treated with generally favorable results. Abbe was the first American to emphasize the role of radiobiology in optimizing therapeutic ratio. His eloquence and stature helped legitimize the new therapeutic modality. CONCLUSIONS: Robert Abbe was probably the nation's most influential early brachytherapist. rights reserved
Don Lawrence and the "k-capture" revolution
No full textPURPOSE: The practice of brachytherapy was in steep decline in the mid-20th century, largely because of safety issues. This article explores the innovations that revitalized brachytherapy with special attention to the introduction of low-energy seeds for permanent implantation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Literature review; interviews; and the memos, records, and correspondence of Donald C. Lawrence. RESULTS: Paul Harper first proposed the use of radionuclides that decay by k-capture in the 1950s. But it was the vision and tenacity of health physicist Donald Lawrence that led to the successful implementation of I-125 (in the 1960s) and Cs-131 (40 years later)
Partial breast irradiation by brachytherapy, 1927
No full textPURPOSE: Examination of Geoffrey Keynes's contributions to brachytherapy and the management of breast cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Review of publications and texts of the era. RESULTS: In an era when radical mastectomy was accepted as standard treatment for breast cancer, Keynes demonstrated that brachytherapy (with or without local excision) was equally effective, while sparing body form and function. CONCLUSIONS: Keynes established that conservative surgery, combined with radiotherapy, was the preferable option for managing breast cancer
Whitmore, Henschke, and Hilaris: The reorientation of prostate brachytherapy (1970-1987)
No full textPURPOSE: Urologists had performed prostate brachytherapy for decades before New York's Memorial Hospital retropubic program. This paper explores the contribution of Willet Whitmore, Ulrich Henschke, Basil Hilaris, and Memorial's physicists to the evolution of the procedure. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Literature review and interviews with program participants. RESULTS: More than 1000 retropubic implants were performed at Memorial between 1970 and 1987. Unlike previous efforts, Memorial's program benefited from the participation of three disciplines in its conception and execution. CONCLUSIONS: Memorial's retropubic program was a collaboration of urologists, radiation therapists, and physicists. Their approach focused greater attention on dosimetry and radiation safety, and served as a template for subsequent prostate brachytherapy programs
Ethereal fire: antecedents of radiology and radiotherapy
No full textOBJECTIVE: The objective is to explore the events that led to the implementation of X-radiation for medical purposes within months of its discovery. CONCLUSION: The century-long experience with electrotherapeutics and the concurrent adoption of ultraviolet light therapy, facilitated the swift inclusion of X-radiation into medical practice
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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