1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Aufbau und Regelung eines pulsatilen künstlichen Kreislaufes
Get PDFThe rapid aging of global population in synergy with a constant deterioration of nutrition quality and lifestyle choices in the last decades has resulted in a massive increase in patients suffering from acute cardiovascular diseases. This means that more and more people are in need of mechanical support systems as part of their medical treatment. A large category of these systems is ventricular assist devices (VAD) which main function is to increase the blood perfusion in the organs of people with critically reduced stroke volume. The aim of this thesis work was to assembly and control a modular pulsatile mock circulation circuit that will simulate the conditions existing in the systemic circulation of the human body and be used to test the performance of VADs. A system was designed and built that was able to achieve aortic flows up to 4 L/min under physiological aortic and ventricular pressure values in a range of heart rates from 40 to 150 bpm with the option to retrieve these values in real time and post process them for further analysis. In addition to that pathological conditions could be simulated by alternating parameters such as the vascular compliances and resistances and the motor profile building the pressure differential into the hydraulic system
Innovative Ergonomic Design and Objective Assessment of Assistive Devices for the Musculoskeletal System
Get PDFDiese kumulative Dissertation verbessert das Verständnis und die Unterstützung der Schulterbiomechanik bei anspruchsvollen beruflichen und mobilen Tätigkeiten durch ein integriertes Programm aus Geräteentwicklung und experimenteller Analyse. Drei unterschiedliche, aber wissenschaftlich miteinander verknüpfte Studien wurden durchgeführt: (i) die Konstruktion und Evaluierung eines passiven Schulter Exoskeletts mit anpassbarem Drehmoment-Unterstützungsprofil; (ii) eine vergleichende Untersuchung eines ergonomisch optimierten manuellen Rollstuhlantriebssystems (KURT) im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Greifreifen-Konfigurationen; und (iii) die systematische Erfassung des maximalen Schulterflexionsmoments und der Muskelaktivität über einen breiten Bereich von Überkopf-Hebewinkeln. Die Exoskelett Studie untersuchte ein neuartiges passives Oberarm-Exoskelett, das für maximale Unterstützung bei unterschiedlichen Armerhöhungswinkeln während repetitiver Überkopfarbeit einstellbar ist. Die Verwendung des Exoskeletts reduzierte die Aktivität des vorderen Deltamuskels und des Musculus Biceps brachii signifikant, mit kleineren, nicht signifikanten Abnahmen in den übrigen überwachten Muskeln, und verbesserte ausgewählte metabolische Marker. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass ein einstellbares passives Exoskelett die Schulter Muskelbeanspruchung und metabolische Belastung bei Aufgaben mit erhobenem Arm verringern kann. Allerdings schränken die vorwiegende Untersuchung gesunder junger Erwachsener und die Verwendung vereinfachter Überkopfaufgaben die Generalisierbarkeit dieser Ergebnisse ein und unterstreichen den Bedarf an zukünftigen Studien mit heterogeneren Probandengruppen und realitätsnäheren Arbeitsszenarien. Die Rollstuhlstudie evaluierte eine verbesserte Version des KURT-Handgriff-basierten Antriebskonzepts in einem Mobilitätsparcours des Alltags im Vergleich zu zwei Konfigurationen eines herkömmlichen Greifreifenrollstuhls. KURT förderte eine günstigere Verteilung der oberen Extremitäten Muskel Aktivität und zeigte Hinweise auf eine verbesserte kardiopulmonale und metabolische Effizienz während der Fortbewegung. Zusammen mit früheren Arbeiten, die gezeigt haben, dass KURT einen physiologischeren Bewegungsumfang der oberen Extremitäten ermöglicht und extreme Gelenkwinkel begrenzt, deuten diese Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass KURT eine vielversprechende Alternative zum herkömmlichen Greifreifenantrieb darstellt. Obwohl vielversprechend, müssen diese Ergebnisse in klinischen Studien und bei mobilitätseingeschränkten Rollstuhlnutzern unter realen Bedingungen weiter bestätigt werden. Das Schulter-Torque-Mapping-Experiment zeigte einen nahezu linearen Rückgang des maximalen isometrischen Flexionsmoments mit zunehmender Armerhebung in der Sagittalebene und lieferte damit quantitative Referenzwerte für ergonomische Gestaltung und unterstützende Technologien. Eine anhaltende Muskelaktivität trotz abnehmender Drehmomentkapazität unterstreicht die physiologischen Herausforderungen der Überkopfarbeit und bietet grundlegende Daten für die individuelle Gestaltung von Assistenzsystemen.This cumulative thesis advances the understanding and support of shoulder biomechanics in strenuous occupational and mobility tasks through an integrated program of device development and experimental analysis. Three distinct but scientifically interconnected studies were performed: (i) the design and evaluation of a passive shoulder exoskeleton with an adjustable torque-assistance profile; (ii) a comparative investigation of an ergonomically optimized manual wheelchair propulsion system (KURT) against conventional push-rim configurations; and (iii) the systematic mapping of maximum shoulder flexion torque and muscle activity across a wide range of overhead elevation angles. The exoskeleton study investigated a novel passive upper limb device adjustable for maximum support at different arm elevation angles during repetitive overhead work. Exoskeleton use significantly reduced anterior deltoid and biceps brachii activity, with smaller, non-significant decreases in other monitored muscles, and improved selected metabolic markers. These findings indicate that adjustable passive exoskeletons can lower shoulder muscle demand and metabolic load in elevated arm tasks. However, the predominance of healthy young adults and the use of simplified overhead tasks limit the generalizability of these findings and highlight the need for future studies including more diverse participant groups and more realistic work scenarios. The wheelchair study evaluated an improved version of the KURT handle-based propulsion concept in a daily mobility circuit against two configurations of a conventional push-rim wheelchair. KURT promoted a better distribution of upper-limb muscle activity and showed indications of improved cardiopulmonary and metabolic efficiency during propulsion. Together with previous work demonstrating that KURT promotes a more physiological upper-limb range of motion and limits extreme joint angles, these findings suggest that KURT is a promising alternative to conventional push-rim propulsion. While encouraging, these results still need to be confirmed in clinical trials and in mobility-impaired wheelchair users under real-world conditions. The shoulder torque mapping experiment revealed an almost linear decline in maximum isometric flexion torque with increasing arm elevation in the sagittal plane, establishing quantitative benchmarks for ergonomic design and assistive support strategies. Persistent muscle activity, even as torque capacity declined, underscored the physiological challenges of overhead work and provided foundational data for individualized assistive device design. Collectively, this thesis delivers a translational pathway from biomechanical measurement to assistive technology innovation, providing new reference standards and device design principles to reduce injury risk, optimize support, and enhance independence for those facing upper limb loading challenges in occupational, clinical, and daily-life context
Can the implementation of an interdisciplinary retrieval practice in science facilitate students' motivation and perception about cross-curricular concepts?
Get PDFThis study explores the effects on online educational games as a retrieval practice on students’ retention and understanding of the cross curricular concepts between sciences and between sciences and mathematics. The implementation of an online cross-science retrieval practice was introduced to investigate whether it can facilitate students’ understanding of the interrelation of sciences and mathematics, as well as students’ motivation/ participation. It also aimed to explore teachers’ perspectives on a cross-science retrieval approach. Questionnaires were completed before and after the implementation of the intervention with 43 KS4 students and 5 science teachers participating. Based on the findings of this study, it could be suggested that there is evidence, although not at a statistically significant level, to support that applying retrieval practice with online educational games could improve students’ motivation and perception about cross-curricular concepts
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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