1,721,132 research outputs found
Effect of temperature on the development of fruiting bodies of Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora on grapevine cuttings in vitro and survival of both pathogens in vineyards
No full text[EN] In this study, isolates of Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella
chlamydospora, fungal pathogens associated with Petri and esca diseases
of grapevine, were used to determine the effect of temperature on the
development of their fruiting bodies in vitro. Perithecia of Pm. minimum
and pycnidia of Pa. chlamydospora were induced at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and
30°C on pieces of 1-year-old grapevine cuttings of 110 Richter rootstock,
which were incubated for 45 days under continuous white light. Both
species were able to produce abundant fruiting bodies at temperatures
ranging from 15 to 25°C, but Pm. minimum produced more perithecia at
25°C and Pm. chlamydospora produced more pycnidia at 20°C. At 30°C,
only very few reproductive structures were observed. Calculated optimal
temperatures ranged from 23.3 to 25.6°C, and equations providing a
proper description of temperature effect on Pm. minimum and Pa.
chlamydospora fruiting body development were obtained. Moreover, the
development of fruiting bodies and the survival of both pathogens on
artificially inoculated grapevine cuttings were investigated in two vineyards. No fruiting bodies were observed during the vineyard experiments, but both fungal species were systematically recovered by fungal
isolation from the cuttings. Differences in pathogen survival based on
incidence data were observed relative to the species, location, and time of
exposure, and generalized linear mixed-models analysis showed a progressive reduction of inoculum viability with time. The present research
increases our knowledge about the biology and epidemiology of Pm.
minimum and Pa. chlamydospora, being particularly useful to improve
epidemiological models that could be developed for the prediction of
Petri and esca diseases.Berbegal Martinez, Monica;González Domínguez, E.;Armengol Fortí, Josep (2024). Effect of temperature on the development of fruiting bodies of Phaeoacremonium minimum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora on grapevine cuttings in vitro and survival of both pathogens in vineyards. Plant Disease. 108:3639-3645. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-23-2493-RES3639364510
Detection of fungal trunk pathogens from wood tissues and pruning wood debris of olive trees in Iran
No full text[EN] Between April 2015 and August 2017 a survey was conducted in olive orchards in different regions in Iran in order to collect and identify fungal trunk pathogens. Wood samples were collected from the trunk and branches of olive trees showing dieback and cankers, as well as pruning wood debris left in the orchards. Fungal isolation was performed from necrotic woody tissues, as well as fruiting bodies observed on bark of wood debris. Morphological identification of the fungal isolates was confirmed by DNA sequencing and comparisons of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) nrDNA region and a partial sequence of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1 alpha) and beta-tubulin (tub2) genes. In this study, eight species of Botryosphaeriaceae namely Botryosphaeria (B.) dothidea, Diplodia (D.) gallae, D. intermedia, D. mutila, Dothiorella (Do.) sarmentorum, Neofusicoccum (Neof.) parvum, Neoscytalidium (Neos.) dimidiatum (as the most abundant species) and Neos. novaehollandiae were identified. Moreover, Pleurostoma (Pl.) richardsiae, Paecilomyces (P.) formosus, a Coniophora-like fungus and several isolates of Phoma, Chaetomium, Darksidea and Hypoxylon species were obtained. Pathogenicity trials on detached shoots of olive trees conducted under greenhouse conditions showed that P. formosus, Neos. dimidiatum, D. gallae, Neof. parvum, Dot. sarmentorum, Neos. novaehollandiae, Pl. richardsiae, B. dothidea, D. mutila, D. intermedia and Coniophora-like fungus were pathogenic on inoculated olive shoots. Paecilomyces formosus was the most virulent and caused the longest lesions. Based on literature reviews, this study represents the first report on the occurrence of D. mutila, Neof. parvum and Pl. richardsiae from diseased olive trees in Iran. Moreover, this is the first report of D. gallae from fruiting bodies on the bark of branches, and four species (namely D. intermedia, Neos. novaehollandiae, P. formosus and Coniophora-like fungus) from affected olive trees worldwide. Our results provide new insights into the etiology of olive fungal trunk diseases.Financial support by the Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) for the first author during her 4 months stay in Spain as a part of her PhD project is greatly acknowledged.Sohrabi, M.;Mohammadi, H.;León Santana, Maela;Armengol Fortí, Josep (2025). Detection of fungal trunk pathogens from wood tissues and pruning wood debris of olive trees in Iran. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102709S13
Grapevine trunk diseases. A general overview of t he problem.
No full text[ES] Existe una indudable preocupación por la decreciente longevidad de los viñedos, que va más allá de esperar que las cepas vivan 100, 50 o 25 años. Se trata de una preocupación a más corto plazo, ya que hoy en día puede que algunas viñas no lleguen incluso a alcanzar los 5, 6 o 7 años. En este artículo se plantea un análisis global de la problemática de las enfermedades fúngicas de la madera de vid desde el punto de vista de la fitopatología, ya que aunque existen muchos otros factores que influyen y determinan la longevidad del viñedo, son tratados en otros artículos de este número especial. Además, se describen los modos de infección de los diferentes hongos implicados en las enfermedades de madera de la vid, y se detallan también algunas buenas prácticas para para reducir los riesgos de infección y reinfección.[EN] Nowadays, there is an unquestioned concern about vineyard longevity, which goes beyond of expecting vines to last 100, SO or even 25 years, as vineyards are observed sometimes not to survive longer than even 5, 6 or 7 years. This work presents an overview of the whole grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) problematic from a phytopathologic point of view, as so me other points are addressed in other articles within this special issue. Moreover, infection modes far the different fungal agents involved in GTD are explained, and some good practices to avoid infection and re-infection are also addressed.Armengol Fortí, J. (2017). Enfermedades fúngicas de la madera de la vid. Una visión general del problema. Enoviticultura. (46):6-15. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/101801S6154
Evaluation of electrolysed water based solutions as a sustainable approach to control phytopathogenic fungi
Full text link[EN] Phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes pose significant threats to horticultural production. Usually, biocidal substances are used to control these pathogens despite their environmental impact and economic expenses. Electrolysed water (EW) products have emerged as a potential sustainable alternative for disinfection purposes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 11 EW products (5 of them containing zeolite) with a pH of 4.5 and chlorine concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 ppm free available chlorine (FAC) as biocides against various fungi and oomycetes: Alternaria brassicicola, A. solani, Botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium solani, Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In vitro tests demonstrated that EW inhibited the spore germination of fungi and was particularly effective against the mycelial growth of B. cinerea, P. aphanidermatum, and P. ultimum. In vivo tests on seedlings with EW of 100 ppm FAC offered a reduction in disease incidence and severity by approximately 70 % of A. brassicicola over B. oleracea (broccoli) and A. solani over S. lycopersicum (tomato). However, in greenhouse conditions, EW treatments at 50 ppm free available chlorine (FAC) provided only a limited reduction in disease severity, comparable to commercial fungicides such as difenoconazole. Life cycle analysis under the ReCiPe method revealed that the endpoint environmental impact of EW generation is nearly 20 times lower than that of conventional pesticides (51 times for global warming), if the reduction in diesel costs derived from application machinery is considered. Therefore, EW shows potential as a sustainable and profitable water based alternative for controlling fungi and oomycetes.This study was supported by the grants AGCOOP_A/2022/018 funded by the Grants for cooperation of the PDR-C.V 2014-2020 with support of the European Union (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development), Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fishing, Food, and Environment, and Generalitat Valenciana; AGROALNEXT programme supported by MCIN with funding from European Union Next Generation EU (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Generalitat Valenciana grant number EUAGROALNEXT/2022/065. Lorenzo Chiapparoli and Sunday Dele Ojo enjoyed a mobility stay funded by the Erasmus + KA1 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degrees Programme of the European Commission under the Plant Health Project. We acknowledge Antonio Ramon Albalat for technical support.Blasco, A.;Berbegal Martinez, Monica;Amoros, P.;Chiapparoli, L.;Ojo, SD.;Armengol Fortí, Josep;Ros-Lis, JV. (2025). Evaluation of electrolysed water based solutions as a sustainable approach to control phytopathogenic fungi. Energy Nexus. 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100566S2
Efecto de los tratamientos por termoterapia con agua caliente sobre la micoflora presente en plantas de vid injertadas
Full text link[EN] This project aimed to study the effect of the application of hot water treatments on grafted vines (Tintorera and 110 Richter rootstock) on the total internal micoflora present in the wood. Two different treatments were performed on grafted plants (50 ° C, 30 min. and 53 ° C 30 min.) and the survival of micoflora to both treatments was quantified and compared with control plants. In addition, the survival of fungal grapevine trunk pathogens was studied in detail. The total amount of fungi isolated (points of positive isolation for fungal growth) in grafted vines decreased after the application of hot water treatment, which also decreased the diversity of micoflora (number of species isolated). This study evidences the presence on grafted plants of fungal species that are susceptible to high temperatures and other species which are more tolerant. The species D. macrodidyma, I. liriodendri and N. parvum were controlled by hot water treatments, while the species D. seriata, Pm. fraxinipennsylvanicum and Pm. minimum survived after these treatments, although, in general its incidence was lower than in the control plants. The species C. luteo-olivacea was found to be very tolerant to hot water treatments[ES] Se estudió el efecto de la aplicación de tratamientos de termoterapia con agua caliente en plantas injertadas de vid (variedad Tintorera y patrón 110 Ritcher) sobre la micoflora total interna presente en la madera. Se realizaron dos tratamientos distintos sobre las plantas (50ºC, 30 min. y 53ºC 30 min.) y se cuantificó la supervivencia de la micoflora en ambos tratamientos, comparándola con la de plantas control. Además, se prestó atención especial a la supervivencia o no de hongos patógenos de la madera. La cantidad total de hongos aislados (puntos de aislamiento positivos para el crecimiento fúngico) presentes en las plantas de vid injertadas disminuyó tras la aplicación de tratamientos de termoterapia con agua caliente, disminuyendo también la diversidad de la micoflora (número de especies encontradas). Este estudio mostró la presencia en las plantas injertadas de especies fúngicas sensibles a las altas temperaturas y otras más tolerantes. En cuanto a los hongos patógenos de la madera de la vid, se pudieron observar distintos comportamientos. Las especies D. macrodidyma, I. liriodendri y N. parvum fueron controladas con los tratamientos por termoterapia con agua caliente, mientras que las especies D. seriata, Pm. fraxinipennsylvanicum y Pm. minimum sobrevivieron tras estos tratamientos, aunque, en general su incidencia fue menor que en las plantas control. La especie C. luteo-olivacea se mostró como muy tolerante a los tratamientos con agua calienteAlfonso Crespo, J. (2015). Efecto de los tratamientos por termoterapia con agua caliente sobre la micoflora presente en plantas de vid injertadas. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/62762Archivo delegad
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ensayo de control biológico de hongos de la madera de la vid en vivero
No full text[ES] Los hongos de la madera de la vid constituyen uno de los principales
problemas de la producción de planta de vid injertada en vivero. En este
trabajo se ha realizado un estudio de control biológico con Trichoderma
atroviride para el control de estas enfermedades. El tratamiento se aplicó
en vivero en diferentes momentos durante el proceso de producción de la
planta injertada. La efectividad del tratamiento se evaluó mediante el
aislamiento de hongos en las plantas tratadas al final del proceso de
enraizamiento en campo, comparándolo con plantas control no tratadas.
Los resultados mostraron que el tratamiento con T. atroviride, aplicado en
el proceso de producción de planta injertada en vivero fue efectivo en la
reducción de la infección causada por hongos de la madera de la vid. Los
mejores resultados se obtuvieron en la reducción de infecciones causadas
por Phaeomoniella chlamydospora y hongos pertenecientes a la familia
Botryosphaeriaceae. También se obtuvo una reducción, aunque algo
menor, de la infección causada por hongos asociados al pie negro y por
Phaeoacremonium minimum.[EN] Grapevine fungal trunk pathogens are one of the main problems for
the production of grafted grapevines in nurseries. In this study, a
Trichoderma atroviride treatment, for the control of these diseases, was
evaluated. The treatment was applied in the nursery at different steps
during the nursery process to produce grafted plants. The efectiveness of
the treatment was determined by performing fungal isolation from
treated plants that was compared with untreated control plants. The
results showed that T. atroviride treatment applied at the nursery
production process of grafted plants was effective in reducing infections
caused by fungal trunk pathogens. The best results were obtained for the
reduction of infections caused by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and fungi
belonging to the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Also, a reduction, although
somewhat smaller, of fungal infections caused by black foot pathogens
and Phaeoacremonium minimum was noticed.Añón Albenca, VJ. (2016). Ensayo de control biológico de hongos de la madera de la vid en vivero. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/72376.TFG
Estudi etiològic de lesions en troncs de presseguer en una finca en Calanda (Terol).
No full text[ES] Este estudio se llevó a cabo en el municipio de Calanda, en la provincia de Teruel, en un campo de cultivo de melocotones, producto que cuenta con la Denominación de Origen Protegida (D.O.P). La variedad cultivada en esta finca es 'Evaisa', una de las incluidas dentro de dicha denominación, y el patrón utilizado es INRA GF-677.
El estudio surgió a partir de la detección de chancros y lesiones en la base de los troncos, en la zona de contacto con el suelo, con un aspecto abultado. Estos daños se presentaban de forma dispersa por toda la parcela, en forma de rodales. Ante esta situación, se planteó la hipótesis de que dichos daños podrían estar causados por algún agente fitopatógeno. Para intentar confirmar esta posibilidad, se diseñaron y llevaron a cabo distintas pruebas diagnósticas para intentar determinar la etiología de los síntomas detectados. Para ello se realizaron pruebas de aislamiento de hongos en medio de cultivo, pruebas de aislamiento de oomicetos en medio de cultivo y también mediante técnicas de cebo a partir de muestras de suelo, y pruebas para la detección de Rhizobium rhizogenes (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)
Una vez obtenidos los resultados de las pruebas, se propusieron posibles soluciones de manejo para solucionar el problema fitosanitario detectado en la finca.[EN] This study was conducted in the municipality of Calanda, in the province of Teruel, in a peach orchard, a product that holds a Protected Designation of Origin (D.O.P). The variety grown on this farm is 'Evaisa', one of those included within this denomination, and the rootstock used is INRA GF-677.
The study arose from the detection of cankers and lesions at the base of the trunks, in the area in contact with the soil, with a swollen appearance. This damage was scattered throughout the plot, in the form of patches. Given this situation, the hypothesis was raised that these damages could be caused by some phytopathogenic agent. To attempt to confirm this possibility, various diagnostic tests were designed and carried out to determine the etiology of the detected symptoms. These included fungal isolation tests on culture medium, oomycete isolation tests on culture medium and also through baiting techniques from soil samples, as well as tests to detect Rhizobium rhizogenes (Agrobacterium tumefaciens).
Once the results were obtained, possible management solutions for the phytosanitary problem detected on the farm were proposed.García Escuin, JC. (2025). Estudio etiológico de lesiones en troncos de melocotonero en una finca en Calanda (Teruel). https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/224728TFG
Control of Penicillium spp. and Geotrichum candidum affecting citrus in postharvest
Full text link[ES] El podrido postcosecha causado por Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum y Geotrichum candidum en cítricos es una de las principales problemáticas que afectan a la producción de naranjas, mandarinas, clementinas y otros frutos cítricos. En este trabajo, se ha realizado una evaluación de la eficacia para el control de Penicillium spp. y G. candidum con los siguientes productos: 1) Clorhidrato de quitosano + Equisetum arvense y 2) Suero de leche + Equisetum arvense. Se realizaron 2 experimentos en condiciones de postcosecha en almacén de cítricos con naranjas y clementinas, en los que se comparó el efecto de estos productos con una materia activa fungicida de referencia (imazalil). Además, también se realizó un estudio de inoculación de fruta con suspensiones de esporas de G. candidum mediante la realización de heridas superficiales en la fruta e incubación a 23ºC durante 1 semana. Los resultados de este estudio muestran el potencial que estos productos podrían tener para su utilización en el control del podrido postcosecha causado por Penicillium spp y G. candidum en almacenes de cítricos.[EN] Postharvest rot caused by Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum and Geotrichum candidum in citrus is one of the main problems affecting the production of oranges, mandarins, clementines and other citrus fruit. In this work, an evaluation of the efficacy for the control of Penicillium spp. and G. candidum with the following products: 1) Chitosan hydrochloride + Equisetum arvense and 2) Buttermilk + Equisetum arvense was conducted. Two experiments were carried out under postharvest conditions in a citrus packinhouse with oranges and clementines, in which the effect of these products was compared with a reference fungicidal active ingredient (imazalil). In addition, a fruit inoculation study with spore suspensions of G. candidum was also carried out by making superficial wounds on the fruit and incubating at 23ºC for 1 week. The results of this study show the potential that these products could have for their use in the control of postharvest rot caused by Penicillium spp and G. candidum in citrus packinghousesCheca Tapia, J. (2023). Estudio de control de Penicillium spp. y Geotrichum candidum afectando a cítricos en postcosecha. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/194973TFG
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