30 research outputs found
A Review of Endometriosis: Focus on its Pathophysiology, Quality of Oocyte and Embryo, and the Management of Infertility
Full text linkEndometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue/lesion outside of the uterus. Unveiling pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the disease remains an elusive target to be discovered. Among many other mechanistic theories, menstrual retrograde theory is favorable in explaining endometriosis which corroborated with certain survival factors that allow endometrial cells to grow and persist. This review set out to provide an update on oocyte and embryo quality derived from women with endometriosis who undergo IVF cycles. Database searching was conducted using PUBMED and the keyword used for literature searching was endometriosis, oocyte quality, and embryo quality. As a chronic inflammation occurs in reproductive tract, endometriosis has been demonstrated to negatively impact the oocyte quality and endometrial receptivity that leads to infertility. Account for about 10-40% of women with endometriosis administered in-vitro fertilization (IVF) programs to achieve pregnancy and healthy live-birth babies. Through IVF, oocytes can be fertilized and cultured in-vitro; thus, avoiding pra-implantation embryos to grow under unfavorable in-vivo tubal and endometrium environments due to endometriosis. IVF could be a method of choice for infertility treatment owing to endometriosis. Improved quality of oocyte, embryo as well as clinical pregnancy could be attained depending on endometriosis severity
Macrophage modulation in activation process induced immune thrombocytopenia
Full text linkThe immune system operates like an orchestra that harmoniously maintains the homeostasis balance while protecting from external or internal pathogens attack. Inflammation is one of the key critical immune defenses to eradicate pathogens and encourage tissue repair and recovery by activating the host’s immune and non-immune cells. As a part of the immune response during inflammation, blood platelets serve various functions; however, their activation and involvement in inflammation can also contribute to pathological conditions, such as thrombosis, which results in myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Activated platelets can mobilize and release intracellular granules (alpha and dense granules), which include secondary mediators like chemokine PF4/CXCL4. In contrast to most other chemokines, PF4 participates in several long-term regulatory processes, such as cell differentiation, survival, and proliferation. However, recent findings suggest that PF4 is also responsible for modulating macrophage polarization, which can substantially impact the development of induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. This review aims to explain how PF4 induced vascular problems by modulation of macrophage development during immunological thrombocytopenia. A literature search using the keywords PF4, CXCL4, macrophage M4, platelet macrophage M4, and induced immune thrombocytopenia was done using the following databases: Google Scholar, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Scopus for articles published from 2000 to 2023. The literature study was done to find the connection between platelet activation, macrophage modulation, and vascular problems such as atherosclerosis and thromboembolism in induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Several recent studies on PF4, macrophage modulation, and vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia were carefully reviewed. This review concludes that macrophage polarization modulation is promising in managing vascular problems in patients with induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia
Therapeutic Options for COVID-19: Drug Repurposing of Serine Protease Inhibitor Against TMPRSS2
Full text linkThe SARS-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is a serious global public health threat. Researchers around the world are conducting mass research to control this epidemic, starting from the discovery of vaccines, to new drugs that have specific activities as antivirals. Drug repurposing is a potential method of using drugs with known activity for reuse as COVID-19 therapy. This method has the advantage that it can reduce costs and also the duration in the development of potential drugs. The initial step in drug repurposing can be done computationally to determine the effectiveness and specificity of the drug on the target protein. Molecular docking analysis can see the specific interactions of potential compounds with target proteins by analyzing the energy of the bonds formed. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a major target in the design and discovery of new drugs for the treatment of Covid-19 disease. In addition, transmembrane protein serine protease (TMPRSS2) from host cells has been shown to have an important role in the proteolytic cleavage of viral spike protein to the ACE2 receptor present in human cells. Based on screening studies, it is known that there are several drugs that have been established that have the potential to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 transfection mechanism into host cells. 10 potential drug candidates used in this study namely Arbecacin, Bromhexine hydrochloride, Hydroxychloroquine, Camostat mesylate, Darunavir, Dequalinium, Fleroxacin, Lopinavir, Remdesivir, and Octopamine were used in molecular docking. Docking analysis revealed that there were three potential compounds, namely Bromhexine hydrochloride, Camostat mesylate and Octopamine with low binding affinity and inhibition constants. Based on the docking result, Camostat mesylate as the best candidate has a high specific binding affinity for the Ser441 and Asp435 residues present in the TMPRSS2 catalytic triad. Thus, these results reveal the mechanism of inhibition of TMPRSS2 by the known inhibitor Camostat mesylate in detail at the molecular level. Where, Camostat mesylate has a strong bond. This structural information could also be useful for designing and discovering new inhibitors of TMPRSS2, which may be useful for preventing the entry of SARS-CoV 2 into human cells
Serum Metabolomic Profiling for Colorectal Cancer using Machine Learning
Full text linkBackground: Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest diseases with a high prevalence worldwide and is characterized by the appearance of adenomatous polyps in the colon mucosa which are at high risk of developing into colorectal cancer. This study aims to use serum metabolites as promising non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection and prognostication. Differences in serum metabolites in patients with adenomatous polyps, colorectal cancer, and healthy controls are considered to be able to support the prognosis of colorectal cancer. Methods: Metabolite dataset is taken from the Metabolomic Workbench. Analysis and validation are carried out in silico using machine learning methods. Results: From a total of 234 samples, 113 metabolites were found and 5 metabolites; histidine, lysine, glyceraldehyde, linolenic acid, and aspartic acid were identified as the most significant in differentiating the sample groups. CTD analysis showed that aspartic acid and histidine are associated with the biological pathways of colorectal cancer progression and significant metabolites are associated with cancer-related phenotypes. Conclusion: The serum metabolites differ in colorectal cancer and healthy control. The significant metabolites can be used as a consideration in selecting colorectal cancer biomarkers, but improvisation is needed to obtain more accurate biomarkers
2441 INTERLEUKIN-1B AND CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 PROINFLAMMATION ANALYSIS AND IN SILICO DOCKING NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B ON ENDOMETRIOSIS CELL CULTURE GIVEN HEPTYL GALLATE AND OCTYL GALLATE TREATMENT
Full text linkObjective: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of octyl gallate and heptyl gallate toward the regulation of interleukin-1β and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 proinflammatory factor on endometriosis cell culture and analyze its activity toward nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) target protein through in silico docking technique.
Methods: In vitro study was performed on endometriosis cells cultured treated with two dosages each of heptyl and octyl gallate (51.2 μg/mL and 102.4 μg/mL) for 48 h, then followed by 10 ng/mL lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induction for 24 h. The positive control group was treated by LPS induced and the negative control was treated without LPS. Inflammation regulation was evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and in silico docking analyzed using bioinformatics technique.
Results: Molecular docking analysis with gallic acid and their derivatives showed that more stable affinity and stronger binding found on octyl gallate than heptyl gallate and gallic acid at the active site of NFkB.
Conclusions: Based on this study results, octyl gallate and heptyl gallate were proven to be able to reduce COX-2 proinflammatory factor through NFkB pathway as an inflammatory regulator; thus, it has the potential to be developed as a therapy for endometriosis
Systematics Review on the Application of Social Media Analytics for Detecting Radical and Extremist Group
Full text linkRecently, social media platforms such as Twitter, Tumblr, Facebook, YouTube, blogs and discussion forums are being mistreated by radical groups to promote their ideologies
and encourage radicalization. Social medias also have been used to create online extremist community and recruit new followers. In this paper work, the authors conduct a schematics literatures review on all available techniques and perform a comprehensive analysis on the
application of social media analytic for detecting radical group to understand the circumstances, trends and its gaps. Further, the author provides the characterization, classification and meta-analysis in order to achieve a better understanding of the literature on the extremist detection through intelligent social media. It is found that for over the last 10
years many researchers have been conduct deep investigation on the use of social media analytics on predicting and identifying online radicalization. Besides, data source, features, geolocation, language, machine learning techniques, and tools have been applied on the recent literatures to detect those cyber-extremist activists. This paper also highlighting the performance measurement methods that have been used by researcher for detecting extremist group and radical communities. The goal of this research is to provide an academic base for
ongoing research in the developing machine learning algorithm for detecting extremist and radical contents in social media
Effect of adipose tissue processing procedures in culture result: a study preliminary
Full text linkBackground: There are various methods of processing adipose tissue before culture, depending on the adipose tissue samples. The aim of this study is to compare several modifications of culturing and sub-culturing procedures of adipose tissue to fit the condition in our laboratory.
Method: This is a descriptive study that was done in the Immunology and Endocrinology Integrated Laboratory, University of Indonesia, from October 2009 to April 2010. Three adipose tissue processing procedures, various amount of seeding and two subculture methods were compared in term of cell yield and time needed. In the first procedure, collagenase-1 digestion was done in 30minutes, cell seeding were 24,000 and 36,000 per flask; in the second procedure, collagenase-1 digestion was done in 60minutes, cell seeding were 24,000, 48,000, and 72,000 per flask; and in the third procedure, the adipose tissue remnants from the first procedure were again digested for another 45 minutes, cell seeding were 74,000, and 148,000 per flask. Difference in subculture methods were the presence or absence of washing step.
Result: Procedure 1 yielded the lowest amount of cell, and after culture, the cells grew very slow, and was contaminated before harvest of primary culture. Procedure-2 and -3 succeeded to yield primary cultures. Some of the cultures were contaminated, so that further subculture was not applicable, and only one tissue processing procedure (procedure 2: 60 minute collagenase-1 digestion, without lysis buffer, cell seeding 48,000 and 72,000) could complete the three subcultures. Though some of the procedures could not be completed, final result could be concluded.
Conclusion: In this preliminary study, 60 minute colagenase-1 digestion with intermittent shaking every 5 minutes and cell seeding around 50,000 or more, followed by subculture method without washing step gave the best result. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:15-9)
Keywords: collagenase-1, primary culture, subculture, stromal-vascular fractio
Simvastatin Inhibits Human Breast Cancer Migration Through Rho/Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil-Containing Protein Kinase Signaling
No full textIncreased Levels of CD107a and Intracellular Cytokines in IL-2 Stimulated PBMCs from Endometriosis Patients
No full textIt has been postulated that the immune system is impaired in individuals with endometriosis, with attention directed to natural killer (NK) cells. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that altered numbers of peripheral NK cells in blood are associated with the presence of endometriotic lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the level of the peripheral NK cell surface marker CD107a in endometriosis in the presence of IL-2 stimulation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 7 women with endometriosis and 7 women without endometriosis. The PBMCs were divided into two groups and either treated with recombinant IL-2 or left untreated. The cytotoxic activity of the PBMCs toward target cells (K562) was evaluated. Then, both groups were cocultured for 4 days. The expressions of CD107a, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were determined using flow cytometry analysis. There was no difference in the expression of CD107a prior to IL-2 stimulation in PBMCs from women with endometriosis compared to those from women without endometriosis. However, we observed upregulation of the expression of the surface marker CD107a after treatment in the endometriosis group. In addition, there was a significant difference in CD107a expression in the endometriosis group before versus after stimulation with IL-2 (p < 0.01). We also found no difference in the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ before versus after treatment with IL-2 in either groups. The levels of CD107a were significantly enhanced in peripheral blood taken from women with endometriosis after treatment with IL-2
Cell Viability Inhibition Effect of Gallic Acid and Its Synthetic Derivative Forms on Primary Cultured Endometriosis Cells
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