1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Trafic de la protéine prion dans les cellules MDCK polarisées
No full textThe Prion Protein (PrP) is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylated membrane protein attached to the external leaflet of the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI). While the misfolded PrPSc scrapie isoform is the infectious agent of “prion diseases” the cellular isoform (PrPC) is an enigmatic protein with unclear function. Prion protein has received considerable attention due to its central role in the development of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) known as “prion diseases”, in animals and humans. Understanding the trafficking, the processing and degradation of PrP is of fundamental importance in order to unravel the mechanism of PrPSc mediated pathogenesis, its spreading and cytotoxicity. The available data regarding PrP trafficking are contradictory. To investigate PrP trafficking and sorting we used polarized MDCK cells (two-dimensional and tree-dimensional cultures) where the intracellular traffic of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) is well characterized. GPI-APs that are sorted in the Trans Golgi Network follow a direct route from the Golgi apparatus to the apical plasma membrane. The exception to direct apical sorting of native GPI-APs in MDCK cells is represented by the Prion Protein. Of interest, PrP localization in polarized MDCK cells is highly controversial and its mechanism of trafficking is not clear. We found that full-length PrP and its cleavage fragments are segregated in different domains of the plasma membrane in polarized cells in both 2D and 3D cultures and that the C1/PrP full-length ratio increases upon MDCK polarization. We revealed that differently from other GPI-APs, PrP undergoes basolateral-to-apical transcytosis in fully polarized MDCK cells and is α-cleaved during its transport to the apical surface. This study not only reconciles and explains the different findings in the previous literature but also provides a better picture of PrP trafficking and processing, which has been shown to have major implications for its role in prion disease.La Protéine Prion (PrP) est une glycoprotéine ubiquitaire attachée au feuillet externe de la membrane plasmique par une ancre glycosylphosphatidylinositole (GPI). Cette dernière est l’agent infectieux responsable de la maladie Creutzfeld-Jacob ou « maladie de la vache folle ». Cette protéine existe sous sa forme cellulaire mais également sous sa forme infectieuse, nommée PrPSc (Scrapie). Alors que la fonction de PrPSc est établie au cours de la pathogenèse, la fonction de la protéine cellulaire est beaucoup plus énigmatique notamment chez les mammifères. Il est clairement admis que la forme infectieuse découle d’un changement de conformation de la forme cellulaire. Ainsi afin de mieux appréhender le rôle de la protéine prion dans les cellules saines mais également lors de la pathogenèse il apparaît essentiel d’étudier le trafic de cette protéine. La protéine prion est exprimée dans les cellules neuronales qui sont comme les cellules épithéliales des cellules polarisées. J’ai au cours de ma thèse étudié le trafic de la protéine prion dans les cellules polarisées MDCK. MDCK est la lignée épithéliale sur laquelle nous avons la plus grande connaissance. Dans mon travail j’ai utilisé des cellules MDCK polarisées classiquement en culture bidimensionnelle (2D) mais également en culture tridimensionnelle (3D) où les cellules forment des kystes, structures hautement polarisées, physiologiquement proches de l’épithélium in vivo. Il apparaît que dans les cellules MDCK polarisées sur filtre (en 2D) la localisation de la PrP est controversée. Nous avons trouvé que, contrairement à la majorité des protéines à ancre GPI, la PrP suit la voie de transcytose. La PrP qui se retrouve à la membrane basolatérale est transcytosée vers la membrane apicale. De plus la PrP envoyée à la surface apicale est clivée (clivage alpha) générant deux fragments distincts : le fragment C1, pourvu de l’ancre GPI qui reste associé à la surface apicale et le fragment soluble N1 qui est sécrété dans le milieu de culture des cellules MDCK cultivées en 2D ou dans le lumen des cellules MDCK cultivées en 3D. Mon travail permet de mieux comprendre les études réalisées auparavant mais surtout révèle l’existence d’un mécanisme de transcytose de la protéine prion dans les cellules épithéliales. Cette information est essentielle et nous permet de supposer que ce mécanisme pourrait être également utilisé par les cellules neuronales
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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