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Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in a Neonate (Lyly Ekawati Candra, Fatimah Indarso, Ismoedijanto, Ariyanto Harsono) 249 Case Report: STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME IN A NEONATE
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Immunological basis of vaccination
No full textThe basic mechanisms of body defencesagainst infectious diseases are both non-specific and specific immune systems. Non-specific immunity refers to mechanism ofprotection that do not require specific recognition ofantigen, but that increase the protection afforded byspecific immune mechanisms. Non-specific immunemechanisms include phagocytes, acute inflammatoryresponses, type-1 interferon, and tumour necrosingfactor. Specific immunity consists of mechanisms ofprotection that require specific recognition of antigen.This immunity is highly specific, inducible,discriminatory and unforgotten T lymphocyte-dependent response. Normal specific immunityoperates under Major Histocompatibility Complexrestriction. It is the ability of this immune system torefine its antigen recognition domains and establishimmunological memory that underlies the success ofactive vaccination.</jats:p
Low-dose sublingual immunotherapy compared to subcutaneous immunotherapy and conventional therapy in childhood asthma
No full textBackground Evidence begin to accumulate that high-dose sub-lingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is as effective as subcutaneousimmunotherapy (SIT) in the treatment of childhood asthma.Since the capacity of sublingual area is similar whether the doseis high or low, the efficacy of low dose may be important to bestudied.Objective To investigate the efficacy of low-dose sublingual im-munotherapy in the treatment of childhood asthma.Methods Parents signed informed consent prior to enrollment,after having received information about the study. Patients weremoderate asthma aged 6-14 years with disease onset of lessthan 2 years before the commencement of the study and peakexpiratory flow rate (PEFR) variability of more than 15%. Pa-tients were randomly allocated into group A, B, and C whoreceived subcutaneous immunotherapy, low-dose sublingualimmunotherapy, and conventional asthma therapy, respectively.Randomization was stratified into two strata according to agei.e., 6-11 years or 11-14 years. Patients of each stratum wererandomized in block of three for each group. At the end of threemonths, lung function tests were repeated. The primary outcomewas PEFR variability at the end of the study. The study wasapproved by the Ethics Committee of Soetomo HospitalSurabaya.Results Distribution of variants as represented by sex, age,eosinophil count, and total IgE concentration were normal inthe three groups. PEFR variability decreased significantly from16.97+0.81 to 8.50+5.08 and 17.0+0.87 to 8.40+4.72 in groupreceiving SIT and SLIT, respectively (p<0.05), but decreasednot significantly from 17.00+0.83 to 10.82+0.5.41 in control group(p>0.05).Conclusion Low-dose SLIT is as efficacious as SIT in the treat-ment of moderate asthma in children</jats:p
Immunopathogenesis of cow’s milk allergy
No full textGiven the public’s increasing awareness of cow’smilk allergy and their frequent misperception thatvarious illness is caused by cow’s milk-induced aller-gic reactions, the physician must retain some skepti-cism throughout the evaluation and rely on objectivemeasures to arrive at the final diagnosis. Over diag-nosis of cow’s milk allergy has led to malnutrition,eating disorders, and psychosocial problems, as wellas family disruption, whereas under diagnosis leavesthe patient suffering unnecessarily and may result ingrowth failure and permanent physical impairments.The following discussion provides an immunologicalbasis of cow’s milk allergy in an attempt to improveour understanding in clinical manifestations, diagno-sis and management of the disease.</jats:p
Management of vaccination - related anaphylaxis
No full textAnaphylaxis is a systemic, immediate hypersensitivity reaction due to IgE mediated immunologic release ofmediators from mast cells and basophils. Features of severe condition are obstruction of the upper airway from tissueswelling, marked bronchospasm, and hypotension. In vaccination related anaphylaxis, optimal management begins withprevention: prevaccination screening including questions about possible allergy to any component of vaccine, and anticipationof anaphylaxis by observation at least 15 minutes following vaccination are very important. The essential treatment isprompt administration of adrenaline. Since hypotension is due to a shift of fluid from intravascular to extravascular space, themainstay of treatment should be the restoration of intravascular volume. Since anaphylaxis can be biphasic administration ofcorticosteroid in preventing late phase reaction can be postulated.</jats:p
Specific immunotherapy for allergic diseases
No full textSpecific allergen immunotherapy (SIT)involves the administration of allergenextracts to modify or abolish symptomsassociated with atopic allergy. The process isspecific, in that the treatment is targeted at thoseallergens recognized by the patient and physician asresponsible for symptoms. A decision to use SITtherefore demands a careful assessment of the patient’scondition and the role of allergic triggers.Immunotherapy was first developed at St Mary’sHospital, London at the end of the 19th century, andmany of the basic principles remain valid today.</jats:p
Child immune response and the role of nutrition
No full textThe immune function is designed to defendthe body in a safe and efficient way againsta variety of dangerous materials includingtoxins and infectious organisms. Mechanical andbiological barriers prevent the penetration ofexogenous material into the body. Only after thesebarriers have been breached and cells have beendirectly attacked does the immune system come intoplay. By a variety of mechanisms, certain immunecells can directly phagocytose and destroy manypathogens. They require the close cooperation ofsomatic cells, which both alert the immune systemthrough alarm signals and later participate in theeffector phase. This first alarm signal can be groupedtogether as “stress signals”, known as the innateimmune response.</jats:p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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