1,720,957 research outputs found
Partial genomic characterization on potentially new bacteriophage: New addition to ICTV database?
No full textA small infectious micro-organism that able to replicate only inside the living cells is named as viruses, which are also the most abundant life form on the earth. These subcellular organisms can be classified into four groups ; animal, plant, archaea and bacteria viruses. Among them, bacteria viruses or also known as bacteriophages have the highest numbers with the total estimation of 1031 . The fact is that, until today only ~ 6,000 types of phages have been discovered since 1959 (ICTV report, 2011). Therefore, there are lots of new phages waiting to be discovered. Partial genomic studies have been conducted on a potential new bacteriophage isolated from goat faeces. Thus, to fulfil the objective of this study genomic characterization was carried out to discover more genomic details in order to reveal the true identity of the newly isolated phage . As first part of the analysis, phage genome was extracted to identify the phage's genome type and to estimate the genome size. Along with that, the extracted genome was used to proceed with the genome profiling and also for partial genome sequencing analysis. Based on the genomic analysis, the results showed the isolated phage carries DNA as it genetic material with the size of genome around 30-40kbp. Besides that, this phage produced different genomic profile in comparison with other known phages such as Lambda, T4 and T7 phages when digest with the same restriction enzymes. Besides that, based on partial genome sequencing and results run against NCBI database, this newly isolated phage might be related with another newly isolated phage known as Sodalis phage SO-1. As far as the genomic data collected, an assumption can be made that this isolated phage could be a new addition to the list of viruses in International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) database
Isolation and characterization of phage specific to E. coli O157:H7
No full text. Phage therapy is not new because it has been practiced since the early 1900s to cure diseases such as shigellosis, typhus and dysentery that caused by bacteria. However, whenantibioticswere discovered in 1941, this antibacterial therapy was quickly abandoned by most western scientists. Antibiotic treatment is usually prescribed to treat pathogenic bacteria E. coliO157:H7. However, since 1950s, the widespread resistance to antibiotics has raised public concern on development of alternatives to antibiotics. As a result of this resistance, there becomes a need for an alternative treatment to work synergistically with antibiotic to deal with bacterial infections. This has led to a new approach by the use of bacteriophage which is phage therapy. Once again, this treatment has received attention as an alternative method against bacterial infection. Phage therapy is the treatment on pathogenic bacterial infections by using bacteriophage which capable of invading bacterial cells and disrupting bacterial metabolism before lysing it. Phages are extremely host-specific and the natural enemies of bacteria. It soon becomes clear that there are huge numbers of bacteriophages existed and waiting to be isolated. Phage specific to E. coliO157:H7 was successfully isolated from sewage treatment sample. The appearance of plaques on lawn of E. coliO157:H7 plate indicates phage capabilities to infect and lyses the host cells. The isolated phage was further characterized based on its morphology, genomic profile, physicochemical attributes, and host specificity to assess their potentials to be developed as phage therapy against E. coliO157:H7
Exploring phage diversity and potential: Development of phage therapy for bacterial infection
No full textThe recent increase in drug-resistance bacteria has become a very serious threat to the treatment of infectious diseases. Over recent decades, a growing numbers of literatures have validated the application of bacteriophages for therapy against antibiotic-resistance bacteria. With rapid dissemination of these resistant bacteria pathogens, the interest in alternative remedies to antibiotics using bacteriophages therapy is gaining new ground. Based on the recent studies of bacteriophage applications against bacterial infections in countries where this alternative therapy has been approved, many scientists and companies believed that phages have the ability to treat and prevent diseases caused by bacteria. Malaysia, being well known as one of the mega diverse countries could promise the potential new phages that could be applied in phage therapy. The overall objectives of this research including isolation and purification of potentially new phages from environments, characterization of the isolated phages based on morphological study, physicochemical attributes, genomic and proteomic analysis. Lastly, the isolated phages would be developed into phage therapy against bacterial infection through in vitro and in vivo test. Preliminary results presented here, show a total of four phages were successfully isolated from human waste. Two of the phages were successfully isolated infecting Proteus mirabilis that caused urinary tract infection in human whereas another two phages infecting Escherichia coli 0157:H7 (caused food-borne diseases) and Escherichia coli ATCC 13706, respectively
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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