3,212 research outputs found
Trent’anni di Mercato Interno - Profili di diritto dell’Unione europea e di diritto finanziario e tributario
No full textYves Bonnefoy, L’opera poetica
No full textRecensione del volume approntato da Fabio Scotto per i Meridiani Mondadori, contenente l'intera opera poetica di Yves Bonnefoy, oltre ad alcuni scritti in prosa relativi alla poesia, con amplissimo apparato introduttivo e di commento
A meta-analysis comparing the sensitivity of bees to pesticides
No full textThe honey beeApis mellifera, the test species
used in the current environmental risk assessment procedure, is generally considered as extremely sensitive to
pesticides when compared to other bee species, although a
quantitative approach for comparing the difference in
sensitivity among bees has not yet been reported. A systematic review of the relevant literature on the topic followed by a meta-analysis has been performed. Both the
contact and oral acute LD50and the chronic LC50reported
in laboratory studies for as many substances as possible
have been extracted from the papers in order to compare
the sensitivity to pesticides of honey bees and other bee
species (Apiformes). The sensitivity ratio R between the
endpoint for the speciesa(A. mellifera) and the species
s(bees other thanA. mellifera) was calculated for a total of
150 case studies including 19 bee species. A ratio higher than 1 indicated that the species s was more sensitive to
pesticides than honey bees. The meta-analysis showed a
high variability of sensitivity among bee species (Rfrom
0.001 to 2085.7), however, in approximately 95 % of the
cases the sensitivity ratio was below 10. The effect of
pesticides in domestic and wild bees is dependent on the
intrinsic sensitivity of single bee species as well as their
specific life cycle, nesting activity and foraging behaviour.
Current data indicates a need for more comparative information between honey bees and non-Apisbees as well as
separate pesticide risk assessment procedures for non-Apis
bees
L’abolizione della c.d. regola dell’internalità alla luce delle recenti proposte di riforma dei Trattati europei
No full textIl contributo prende le mosse da alcune recenti proposte di riforma dei trattati europei per analizzare le conseguenze della possibile abolizione della c.d. regola dell'internalità
Sensitivity of bees to pesticides: a comparative approach
No full textBees, including managed and wild bees, provide important ecological functions,
sustaining basic ecosystem services and human food production. In Europe,
many crops depend directly on insect pollination and the honey bee, Apis
mellifera, is considered one of the most important pollinators. However, there
are thousands of other bee species and their contribution in the pollination
service has been recently identified. Following the recent honey bee and
wild bee populations declining worldwide, concern has been growing about
the risks posed by pesticides and, on the appropriateness of the current risk
assessment scheme for the approval and authorisation of pesticides. The current
risk assessment for pesticides focuses on A. melliferaand suggests to extrapolate
data from honey bees to other bee species based on the assumption that they
are the most sensitive species, although a quantitative approach for comparing
the difference in sensitivity among bees has not yet been reported. In this study,
a systematic review of the relevant literature on the topic followed by a metaanalysis has been performed. Both the contact and oral acute LD50 and the
chronic LC50 reported in laboratory studies for as many substances as possible
have been extracted from the papers in order to compare the sensitivity to
pesticides of honey bees and other bee species (Apiformes). The sensitivity
ratio between the endpoint for the species A. melliferaand the other species of
bees was calculated considering 150 different combinations of bee species and
pesticide, including 19 bee species and 53 pesticides in total. The results of the
meta-analysis showed a high variability of sensitivity among bee species and 9
of the 19 species were more sensitive than honey bees to pesticides. In about
5% of cases, the sensitivity of other species was more than 10 times higher than
honey bees. In conclusion, according to the results of this study, it needs to
cover a greater range of bee species in the risk assessment of Plant Protection
Products, in order to protect wild bees as well as honey bees. At the same time,
exposure levels must also be considered because the effect of pesticides can
vary among bees depending on the specific life cycle, nesting activity and
foraging behaviour
The Fourth Arena. Rethinking Political Participation in the Digital Age
No full textThe digital revolution and the rise of e-participation have led scholars to reconsider established definitions of political participation: their dimensions, modes, and arenas. Drawing on the theoretical framework proposed by Francesco Raniolo in his book 'La partecipazione politica. Fare, pensare, essere', this article examines the academic debate surrounding the various definitions of online participation and its intersections with long-standing disputes over the nature of political participation. Treating the media (and the Internet) as an arena for observing citizens' engagement and participatory acts enables to address the hybrid and expanding repertoire of what will be called Participation at Distance (PaD), which also sees the re-invention of traditional forms of participation. More than other arenas, the media arena constitutes a 'place' capable of hosting old and new, conventional and unconventional, institutional and non-institutional, instrumental and expressive, legal, a-legal, and illegal forms of political participation
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