1,720,985 research outputs found
Non invasive ventilation in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Continuous positive airways pressure and more
No full textObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by repetitive obstruction of the upper airways often resulting in oxygen desaturation and arousal from sleep, excessive sleepiness and other consequences for health with an increase in morbility and mortality. Continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) is currently considered to be the cornerstone of the therapy for OSAS. CPAP is immediately and consistently effective in relieving sleep apnea and daytime symptoms. CPAP reduces the incidence of accidents on the road, at work or at home, it is likely that CPAP has beneficial effects on daytime hypertension and that it reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the long term, but this has yet to be demonstrated unequivocally. The pressure should be titrated manually in the sleep laboratory during a full night of polysomnography, to eliminate apneas, hypopneas, snoring and sleep fragmentation, but it is possible use other strategies for titration. AutoCPAP (also called intelligent of self-adjusted CPAP) can be used for titration before switching to constant CPAP machine or can be used for long-term therapy. In the minority of OSAS patients requiring high levels of pressure or exhibiting chronic alveolar hypoventilation, clinical experience suggests that BiPAP could be of interest. Common difficulties associated with CPAP therapy include sense of dryness in the mouth, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and mask discomfort, claustrophobia ets. Therefore, many patients are unable to or unwilling to comply with the use of CPAP, on this regard the various non-CPAP approaches are developed for the management of OSAS. A weight-reducing diet should be considered an important element not only as a treatment option, but also in the prevention and management of OSAS because obesity comprises airway function by altering pharyngeal size or geometry. Patients with OSAS should abstain from alcohol because it reduces the motor activity of the airway resistance and predispose to occlusion during sleep. Patients who use benzodiazepines, narcotics and barbiturates reported clinically significant upper way obstruction. The role of drug therapy in the treatment of OSAS is not well known. The 2 most extensively used pharmacological agents for treating OSAS have been medroxyprogesterone and the tricyclic antidepressant such us protriptiline. The use of oral appliance for the treatment of snoring and OSAS is relatively new field, with the result that there are many unanswered questions in this regard but it could be a reliable option for treating socially destructive snoring. Surgical management should be direct to the anatomic region involved and have specific goals for clearance at the respective obstruction levels. Presurgical evaluation for appreciation of the type of anatomic abnormality present and the degree of severity of OSAS is very important. However, none of these has been shown to be superior to CPAP. In the clinical practice, only selected patients will benefit from therapies other than CPAP
La terapia ventilatoria non invasiva della sindrome della apnee ostruttive nel sonno: pressione positiva nelle vie aeree e non solo
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Ascoli attraverso la collezione di Giulio Gabrielli. La realizzazione dell’applicazione
No full textL’articolo, da leggersi in stretto rapporto con altro articolo pubblicato sullo stesso libro dedicato alla presentazione della figura di Giulio Gabrielli e della sua produzione artistica (pp. 111-118), descrive, nello specifico, le fasi di realizzazione di una applicazione multimediale finalizzata alla valorizzazione delle diversificate opere prodotte da tale artista su Ascoli Piceno e quindi volta alla concretizzazione di un itinerario di riscoperta della città costruito sfruttando le opportunità delle tecnologie visuali. Individuando specifiche “azioni disciplinari”, l’articolo mira ad esporre obiettivi, problematiche affrontate e modalità di attuazione caratterizzanti ogni fase identificata e riconosciuta mettendo in evidenza sia l’aspetto dei contenuti, sia quanto attiene le scelte tecnico-tecnologici sperimentate. Nello specifico per la realizzazione dell’applicazione presentata, sono state individuate 3 fasi. Una prima fase di Catalogazione dei contenuti nella quale l’azione centrale messa in atto ha riguardato la costruzione campi e vocabolari atti a definire una modalità di schedatura adattabile a tutto il materiale selezionato relativamente alle opere del Gabrielli. Una seconda fase di trasposizione cartografica dei contenuti nella quale l’azione centrale si è concretizzata nello studio e predisposizione di opportune rappresentazioni grafico-analitiche tematiche atte ad una possibile rilettura alla scala urbana delle rappresentazioni del Gabrielli sulla città. Una fase finale di interrelazione fra i precedenti differenti livelli analitici nella quale l’azione posta in essere ha riguardato l’identificazione dei possibili sistemi tecnologici di connessione tra la scala delle singole opere del Gabrielli (schede di catalogazione) e la scala urbana (trasposizione cartografica) e quindi per la fruizione e visualizzazione dei dati nell’applicazione
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Borgo Solestà nello spazio pittorico di Giulio Gabrielli, la realizzazione dell’applicazione
No full textL’articolo, da leggersi in stretto rapporto con altro articolo pubblicato sullo stesso libro dedicato alla presentazione delle trasformazioni urbano-architettoniche del Rione di Borgo Solestà ad Ascoli Piceno e delle rappresentazioni attraverso le quali Giulio Gabrielli ritrae più volte, con uno schizzo, un disegno e due dipinti, lo slargo di accesso al Borgo (pp. 126-134), descrive, nello specifico, le fasi di realizzazione di una applicazione multimediale che propone una modalità di visione “oltre” il vincolo bidimensionale delle opere per “entrare” nello spazio della rappresentazione allestendo una ricostruzione digitale 3D dell’ambito urbano scelto così come fu visto e raffigurato. Individuando specifiche “azioni disciplinari”, l’articolo mira ad esporre obiettivi, problematiche affrontate e modalità di attuazione caratterizzanti ogni fase identificata e riconosciuta mettendo in evidenza sia l’aspetto dei contenuti, sia quanto attiene le scelte tecnico-tecnologici sperimentate. Nello specifico per la realizzazione dell’applicazione presentata, sono state individuate 3 fasi. La prima ha riguardato la messa in atto di alcune investigazioni di possibili restituzioni prospettiche condotte su un dipinto di Giulio Gabrielli raffigurante l’area di accesso al Rione di Borgo Solestà individuando l’obiettivo di indagare sulla modalità di allestimento della raffigurazione utilizzate dall’artista. La seconda ha mirato a ricostruire la terza dimensione dello scorcio urbano di Borgo Solestà non limitatamente allo stato attuale ma ripercorrendone le fasi di trasformazione storica utilizzando le opere del Gabrielli determinando, quindi metodi e strumenti idonei a raggiungere gli intenti di ricostruzione 3D. La terza fase ha riguardato il “confezionamento” finale dell’applicazione proposta, ovvero l’identificazione dei più opportuni sistemi per elaborare una crono-videoproiezione digitale 3D e quindi dei relativi strumenti tecnologici da utilizzare
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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