116 research outputs found
PEMAKNAAN STRUKTURAL PADA KUMPULAN PUISI KARYA KOBAYASHI ISSA 小林一茶の俳句の構造上の意味
No full textABSTRACT
Abdian, Farah Lies, 2016. “The Meaning of Strctural In Collection of Poetry By Kobayashi Issa”, Thesis, Japanese Literature, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The first advisor Laura Andri R. M, S.S., MA.The second advisor Nur Hastuti, S.S., M. Hum.
Formal object of this research is the study of structural contained in the work of Kobayashi Issa haiku. This research material object is a collection of haiku work Kobayashi IssaIssa contained in Haikushuu (Maruyama 2010). Objects haiku selected based on seven themes that exist as well as interesting and powerful meaning when analyzed using structural methods. This is because the author wants to reveal the meaning of structural and symbols found on some poems by Kobayashi Issa.
The method used to analyze the meaning of the poem Kobayashi Issa is a structural method. Abrams structural methods based on the theory used to determine the overall meaning that the physical structure and the inner structure. The physical structure is composed of diction, figure of speech and imagery. Inner structure consists of a theme, taste, tone and atmosphere, as well as the mandate and objectives. After the authors reveal the symbol consisting of a blank symbol, natural symbol and symbol to check your private meanings contained in the sign of poetry.
Results to be achieved in this research is to know the building blocks that make up the work of Kobayashi Issa haiku is the physical structure and the inner structure. Knowing the symbols contained in Issa haiku is blank symbol, and a private symbol natural symbol. Reveal the meaning and discourse on Issa haiku so it can find implicit message contained in haiku studied.
Keywords : physical structure, inner structure, haiku, Kobayashi Issa
Polyphony and the anxiety of influence in the fiction of Henry James
No full textJames's fiction, especially in the Middle Phase, centres
on the figure of the artist and is characterized by, the two
interrelated aspects which previous criticism has largely
overlooked: the Bakhtinian 'polyphonic' -creation of
'author-thinkers'; and the conflict between ephebes and
precursors, for which Harold-Bloom's concept of 'the-anxiety of
influence' is the most illuminating model. Polyphony is the
narrative mode, and influence is the intra-artistic, theme.
These, as the Introduction to the thesis makes clear, are
rehearsed in James's inaugural novel, Roderick Hudson. Rowland
Mallet is an author-thinker, and his failure is caused by
authorial limitations. His monologism -is impaired by his
mistaking empathy for the authorial sympathy. Likewise,
Hudson's failure does not arise from a mercurial temperament,
but from a polyphonic shortcoming: not possessing the power of
fiction to contain the fiction of power in, his mentor. And the
relationships among the three artists - Gloriani, Hudson and
Singleton - perfectly exemplify the Bloomian-theme. It is these
two concepts, polyphony and influence, which are the major
preoccupation in the Middle Phase; as, the works chosen
demonstrate. These are a novella, a novel, and a number of
short stories all of which have been unjustifiably neglected.
Chapter One, on The Aspern Papers, argues that Tina Bordereau,
far from being, the artless victim seen by many critics,
actually challenges and defeats the narrator by the very form
of her narrative. Her 'realist' discourse undermines his
language of 'romance', and shows up its internal unstability.
Chapter Two is an extensive study of the critical reception of
The Tragic Muse. The most common areas of critical attention
have been its contemporary topicality, its relation to previous
novels on similar themes, and the possible genealogy of Gabriel
Nash. Those have all missed the core of the work. - Chapter Three
demonstrates how polyphony and the anxiety of influence make
the novel what it really is. Influence arises from the
juxtaposition of, and the wrestling between, artistic ephebes
and their precursors (Nick and Nash,, Miriam and Madame Carre).
The dialogic quality defined by Bakhtin is crucial to the
proper, and even-handed, characterization of all, the conflicts
in the novel. And since most of James's tales in the eighties
and nineties -are about 'masters - and acolytes, the anxiety of
influence remains central. Chapter Four is a study of 'The
Author of Beltraffiol' and 'The Lesson of the Master'. Again the
characters' manipulations are a crucial focus in a way that
G6rard Genette's terminology helps to illuminate. The fact that
the ephebe is the author-thinker emphasizes the inextricability
of the Bakhtinian and the Bloomian in James. Just as
polyphony offers a different focus for explicating the poetics
of James's fiction; so the ephebal conflict provides the basis
for a fresh perception of James's own artistic struggle
Securities clearance and settlement systems - a guide to best practices
No full textAs an essential part of a nation's financial sector infrastructure, securities clearance, and settlement systems must be closely integrated with national payment systems, so that safety, soundness, certainty, and efficiency can be achieved at a cost acceptable to all participants. Central banks have paid considerable attention to payment systems, but securities clearance, and settlement systems have only recently been subjected to rigorous assessment. The Western Hemisphere Payments and Securities Clearance and Settlement Initiative (WHI), led by the World Bank, and in cooperation with the Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos (CEMLA), gave the authors a unique opportunity to observe how various countries in Latin America, and the Caribbean undertake securities clearance, and settlement. To do so, the authors developed a practical, and implementable assessment methodology, covering key issues that affect the quality of such systems. In this paper they discuss the objectives, scope, and content of a typical securities system, identify the elements that influence the system's quality, and show how their assessment methodology works. They focus on the development of core principles, and minimum standards for integrated systems of payments, and securities clearance and settlement. Their paper fills a gap by providing an evaluation tool for assessors of such systems, especially those who must assess evolving systems in developing, and transition economies. Essentially, an assessment involves a structured analysis to answer four related questions: 1) What are the objective, and scope of a securities clearance and settlement system? 2) Who are the participants, what roles do they play, and what expectations do they have? 3) What procedures are required to satisfy the participants'needs? 4) What inherent risks are involved, and how can they be mitigated at an acceptable cost?Environmental Economics&Policies,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Financial Intermediation,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Securities Markets Policy&Regulation,Financial Intermediation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Settlement of Investment Disputes,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Insurance&Risk Mitigation
Implementing the market approach to enterprise support - an evaluation of ten matching grant schemes
No full textDeveloping viable new business is critical to recovery, and long-term growth, especially in transition economies. There has been a long history of public support of enterprise development, starting with centralized state agency initiatives, but moving more recently to decentralized instruments for development of the business services market. The window of time during which the benefits of intervention are likely to be greatest: when a market is in its infancy, and its development is constrained by uncertainty, and lack of information. Interventions for enterprise support should be demand-responsive, and flexibly organized. In some circumstances, centralized assistance may still be effective, but it is generally better to use competitive private service providers responding to enterprises'changing needs. The main task is to stimulate the private services sector, improving its capacity to respond to the demands of new, and expanding private enterprises. Support for enterprises has tended to be either free, or heavily subsidized. But such subsidies can be justified only if interventions efficiently supply goods. Providing technical, and management know-how can be a public good if it generates externalities- if, for example, know-how benefits can be disseminated at proportionately low additional cost. Any subsidy for an intervention should be temporary, and should be phased out when the main objective of intervention is achieved - that is, when the market takes off. Grants should generally be for know-how, not for equipment. There may be a case for unbundling the know-how component of loans (including feasibility studies, and follow-up expert services) for grant funding. A package combining loans and grants - through a single financial institution, or through separate institutions - may work provided safeguards can be put in place to prevent perverse use of grants. The matching grant model, which is used increasingly in the World Bank, and elsewhere, is one solution - but it must be justified, and carefully designed. After evaluating ten matching grant funds, the author concludes that performance is mixed. Best practice models are needed. Ensuring economic benefits requires proactive management, with clear objectives of market facilitation ("making a market"). And it requires a balance between rapid grant approval procedures, and careful selection of services for grants.Economic Theory&Research,Decentralization,Enterprise Development&Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Health Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,ICT Policy and Strategies
Storie fuori luogo. Migrazioni, traduzioni e riscritture in scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a piazza vittorio di amara lakhous
No full textMigrant writings in Italian often articulate themselves as subtle sites of resistance to Italian (and European) repressive migration policies, as they deal with new forms of social interaction, cultural exchange and hybridity. These features are key elements in Amara Lakhous’s novel, Scontro di civiltà
per un ascensore a piazza Vittorio (2006). By approaching Lakhous’s novel as a case study, this essay aims at investigating cultural and social border crossings, and the wide-ranging effects of transnational migrations in contemporary Italian social framework. By means of close reading, and taking into account the worldwide postcolonial condition and postcolonial literary textuality, this contribution will try to show how the author sets to work the cultural translation as the possibility of encounter, transformation and loss, and how Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a piazza Vittorio can be seen as a unique literary crossroads where Italian language, culture and literary modern tradition find themselves ‘out of place’
Mario Luzi E L’arte: Da Simone Ai Contemporanei
No full textThis contribution deals with Luzi’s career as a connoisseur and critic of figurative arts: starting from Luzi’s precocious piece of criticism on Raffaello, the author investigates other works by the Italian writer dealing with art history, theatre and poetry. The works of great artists like Simone Martini, Jacopo Carracci (alias Pontormo) and Giorgio De Chirico were a source of inspiration for Luzi’s Viaggio celeste e terrestre di Simone Martini, Felicità turbate and Avvento notturno. The paper ends with a critical reassessment of Luzi’s friendship with the contemporary painter, Pietro Paolo Tarasco, whose drawings and engravings accompanied Luzi’s final books
Poor people in rich countries : the roles of global governance
No full textConnections between global governance and poverty are usually made in relation to what are loosely called ‘poor countries’ of the ‘global south’. However, global governance also significantly shapes dynamics of impoverishment in ‘rich countries’ of the ‘global north’. These impacts become the more apparent when global governance is understood to involve not only well-known intergovernmental agencies such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation, but also additional institutional forms such as transgovernmental networks and private regulatory mechanisms. This broad complex of global governance has often exacerbated poverty in the global north: e.g., through neglect of the issue; through marginalisation of the people affected; and through the promotion of neoliberal policy frames. At the same time, global governance has in other ways also promoted poverty alleviation in ‘high-income countries’: e.g., with rules that work in their structural favour; with policy learning; with rights discourses; and with some promotion of global-scale social democracy. Thus the challenge for efforts to reduce poverty in the global north is, on the one hand, to counter the negative implications of global governance and, on the other hand, to nurture the positive forces. Global coalitions of anti-poverty campaigners – in particular across north-south lines – could especially serve these politics
Possible role of GLP-1 and its agonists in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus
No full textUnfortunately, the only approved medical treatment for type 1 diabetesmellitus (DM) is insulin, despite the fact that tight control cannot be reached without some serious side effects such as hypoglycemia and weight gain.More and more importance is now shifted towards developing new drugs that can reach a better glycemic control with lesser side effects. Some of these promising drugs are the glucagon-like peptides 1 (GLP-1) and their agonists, which have been FDA approved for the treatment of type 2 DM. The purpose of this article is to review all of the relevant literature on the potential role of GLP-1 in the treatment of type 1 DM. Themajor source of data acquisition includedMedline search strategies, using the words type 1 diabetes mellitus and GLP-1. Articles published in the last 20 years were screened. GLP-1 increases insulin secretion in humans with existing beta cells; it also decreases glucagon secretion, and blunts appetite. Of note, new animal studies demonstrate a role in beta cell-proliferation and decreased apoptosis. 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CONTEXTO Y TRADICIÓN EN LA PROPUESTA SOCIO-HERMENÉUTICA-MULTIDIMENSIONAL DE JUAN R. COCA: LA BÚSQUEDA DE UNA LECTURA DE LA REALIDAD MÁS ALLÁ DE LO INMEDIATO
No full textThis article presents the multidimensional socio-hermeneutical proposal ofJuan R. Coca, through which it is intended to give light to sociological problems.For this, a critical and historical tour of the univocist vision of knowledge, of the hermeneutic tradition, and a review of the interpretative elements that make up the analogical hermeneutics of Mauricio Beuchot are made, since they are the bases that will allow Juan R. Coca perform his textual interpretation in sociology. From the historical journey, the revision of the rich interpretive tradition of Beuchot, as well as the analysis of the proposal of the studied author, we obtain that, there is a need to carry out a deeper reading of reality, and that when we study it in its parts we see an ontological movement between the real, the unreal / imaginary, reality, which allows a multidimensional existence. We find in Coca's analysis of the social imaginary that there are two types: the prevailing and the hidden or not visualized, the latter through interpretive analog work become relevant, since they can be elements of dysfunctionality, of disaggregation, so They must also be analyzed. Analog hermeneutics enriches the sociological study because it goes beyond description.En este artículo se presenta la propuesta socio-hermenéutica multidimensional de Juan R. Coca, a través de la cual se pretende dar luz a las problemáticas sociológicas. Para ello, se realiza un recorrido histórico de la visión univocista del conocimiento, y de la tradición hermenéutica, así como la revisión de los elementos interpretativos que conforman la hermenéutica analógica de Mauricio Beuchot, puesto que son las bases que le permitirán a Juan R. Coca realizar su interpretación textual en la sociología. Del recorrido histórico, la revisión de la rica tradición interpretativa de Beuchot, así como del análisis de la propuesta del autor estudiado obtenemos que, existe una necesidad de llevar a cabo una lectura más profunda de la realidad, y que alestudiarla en sus partes vemos un movimiento ontológico entre lo real, lo irreal/imaginario, realidad, lo cual permite una existencia multidimensional. Encontramos en el análisis que realiza Coca de los imaginarios sociales que existen dos tipos: los imperantes y los ocultos o no visualizados, estos últimos a través del trabajo analógico interpretativo cobran relevancia, ya que pueden ser elementos de disfuncionalidad, de desagregación, por lo que también deben ser analizados. La hermenéutica analógica enriquece el estudio sociológico pues va más allá de la descripció
The Prevalence of S. Aureus Nasal Colonisation and its Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern amongst Primary School Pupils
No full textStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most adaptable human pathogens. Nasal Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of community-associated staphylococcal infections. This project aimed to study the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility tests among primary school children at Zakho city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Nasal swabs were taken from a total of 300 primary school pupils aged 8-12 years. Collected nasal swabs were processed according to the standard bacteriological culture and isolates were identified using mannitol fermentation, Gram stain, catalase test and coagulase test. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out on Muller-Hinton agar (MHA) to determine the susceptibility of S. aureus and CA-MRSA towards antibiotics. 30% (90/300) of the primary school children carried S. aureus. The nasal carriage of MRSA was 4% (12/300) among participants. All MRSA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, doxycycline, amikacin and ciprofloxacin. This study showed that the incidence of S. aureus and CA-MRSA is comparable with reports from elsewhere. Measures are needed to keep the emergence and transmission of these pathogens to a lowest. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all S. aureus isolates is crucial for treatment of MRSA. Further studies are required to detect the risk factors of the acquisition of MRSA
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