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Using Medical Drama to Teach Biomedical Ethics to Medical Students
No full textNowadays, clinicians are faced with multifaceted ethical concerns, and it is often argued that students of medicine should be well trained in clinical ethics and have a minimum level of ethical sensitivity and critical analysis. Consequently, most medical colleges have introduced programs in biomedical ethics. It is often pointed out that there is a gap separating ethical theories from concrete moral dilemmas. This problem became less pervasive as case-studies started being used. Nevertheless, vignettes are mostly presented as an addendum to a unit and often engage the students only "temporarily." It is my contention that this can be remedied if students were given a venue that will allow them to appreciate as many particulars of the situation as possible, to engage in the case not merely as inactive spectators, rather to get entangled in the case just enough to be involved yet remain sufficiently detached to be able to exercise critical analysis. This is possible through medical drama which, I will argue, is a narrative genre that enhances emotional engagement, cognitive development, and moral imagination allowing for a more ethically sensitive student in training. To do that, reference will be made to the medical drama "House MD.
The Lebanese Physician: A Public's Viewpoint
No full textA physician's lack of humanity is a general complaint in public surveys. The physician-patient relationship is viewed by the public as being reduced to a business relationship where the patient feels that she is merely a 'client' and the physician a healthcare 'practitioner' instead of a 'care giver'. This public perception is not a phenomenon that is peculiar to Lebanon. Yet, the problem has been increasing over the years to the extent that patients feel that physicians are becoming inhumane and business oriented. While this might not characterize all physicians of the 21(st) century, this might be true of at least some. Responses were collected from a study that was undertaken based on a questionnaire distributed to a pool of 650 participants from different geographical areas and different social and educational backgrounds in Lebanon. Participants were all older than18 years and mentally competent. None were physicians. The questionnaire was open-ended and initially piloted among a random sample. The physician traits most desired by the public were found to be: moral traits (41%), interpersonal traits (36%), scientific traits (19%) and other (4%). The most unwanted traits/behaviours were a lack of interpersonal traits (57%), a lack of moral traits (40%) and a lack of scientific skills (3%). The physician-patient relationship was perceived, in general, as being a flawed one. What can be done to remedy the image of the Lebanese physician that has been projected in the minds of the patients and the public at large? Nine major recommendations are presented
The lures of modern medicine
No full textThe profession of medicine is first and foremost a moral enterprise. Yet, modern day medicine has suffered from a number of flaws that led to some of its downfalls. This article looks at the profession of medicine from a contemporary lens. What has gone wrong? What does it mainly suffer from? What is the central issue that should be dealt with in order to help the profession of medicine regain its status as an ideal and moral endeavour. While I do not allege that one article is enough to unveil all that is needed to say, this article at least sheds the light on some of the important issues that we cannot afford to brush aside any longer
Prenatally diagnosed foetal malformations and termination of pregnancy: The case of lebanon
No full textTermination of pregnancy (TOP) is offered in many countries, for foetuses prenatally diagnosed with congenital malformations that are deemed incompatible with life or that are associated with a high morbidity. In Lebanon, a middle income country where religion plays a focal role, the law prohibits any form of TOP unless it is the only means to save the mother's life. It is the contention of the authors of this article that even if the foetus is a person, if it were medically revealed that there is a substantial risk that the newborn will suffer severe physical abnormalities that will cause it to be seriously handicapped; it is morally acceptable to terminate the pregnancy. Hence, TOP carried out for these indications is justified in the interest of the foetus and the child. Whatever the status of the foetus is, once born, it will become a full-fledged sentient being with all that this entails. When given the option of starting an existence, this person-to-be has the right to a minimum that allows him-her to enjoy a relatively good quality of life. Today, Lebanese obstetricians are confronted with the burden placed on them under the law to refuse TOP, or, when performing them, to forge records or deny having done them. This is why we strongly believe that the Lebanese policy on abortion should be amended. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd..ARRAS JD, 1990, MILBANK Q, V68, P353, DOI 10.2307-3350110; Asch A., 1995, ETHICAL ISSUES MODER, P385; Azami D., 2008, BBC WORLA SERVI 0430; Ballantyne A, 2009, AM J BIOETHICS, V9, P48, DOI 10.1080-15265160902984996; Bradbury B., 2010, SPRC REPORTS; BRESLAU N, 1987, J MARRIAGE FAM, V49, P839, DOI 10.2307-351977; Christianson A, 2004, BMJ-BRIT MED J, V329, P1115, DOI 10.1136-bmj.329.7475.1115; Domingo JL, 2001, REPROD TOXICOL, V15, P603, DOI 10.1016-S0890-6238(01)00181-2; Global Health Council, 2002, PROM KEEP TOLL UN PR; Hankir Z., 2008, NOW LEBANON 0121; Harris J, 2001, J MED ETHICS, V27, P383, DOI 10.1136-jme.27.6.383; Johnson L., 2002, SEATTLE POST IN 1120; Laura P., 1996, BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, p[492, 493]; LORBER J, 1971, DEV MED CHILD NEUROL, V13, P279; Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2006, CRIT CAR DEC FET NEO; Rivera-Lopez Eduardo, 2002, Dev World Bioeth, V2, P11, DOI 10.1111-1471-8847.00031; Rokke D., 2006, CITIZEN MOSUL 0728; SHAW MW, 1984, AM J HUM GENET, V36, P1; Singer P, 1999, PRACTICAL ETHICS; STEINBOCK B, 1994, HASTINGS CENT REP, V24, P15; Syndicate of the Lebanese Order of Physicians, 2004, LEB COD MED ETH; Westen J.-H., 2006, POPE ABORTIONS NEVER; Westerman D., 2006, GLOBAL RES CA 0503; Womack S., 2005, DAILY TELEGRAPH 0606; World Health Organization (WHO), 2004, UNS AB GLOB REG EST; Zahed L, 2002, PRENATAL DIAG, V22, P880, DOI 10.1002-pd.4290
Competing Duties: Medical Educators, Underperforming Students, and Social Accountability
No full textOver the last 80 years, a major goal of medical educators has been to improve the quality of applicants to medical school and, hence, the resulting doctors. To do this, academic standards have been progressively strengthened. The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) in the United States and the undergraduate science grade point average (GPA) have long been correlated with success in medical school, and graduation rates have been close to 100 percent for many years. Recent studies have noted that some doctors having difficulties in practice were found to have had similar problems while in school. In this essay, we present a brief historical account of attitudes and approaches to admissions requirements, then discuss basic broad areas of accomplishment in clinical practice: academic mastery, clinical acumen, and professionalism. We then review data that suggest that lack of competency can often be detected very early in a student's career and may or may not be immune to remediation efforts. We end with a recommendation for a course of action that upholds and fulfills the profession's social responsibility. 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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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