126,125 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Property B: Two-Coloring Non-Uniform Hypergraphs
No full textThe following is a classical question of Erdős (Nordisk Matematisk Tidskrift, 1963) and of Erdős and Lovász (Colloquia Mathematica Societatis János Bolyai, vol. 10, 1975). Given a hypergraph ℱ with minimum edge-size k, what is the largest function g(k) such that if the expected number of monochromatic edges in ℱ is at most g(k) when the vertices of ℱ are colored red and blue randomly and independently, then we are guaranteed that ℱ is two-colorable? Duraj, Gutowski and Kozik (ICALP 2018) have shown that g(k) ≥ Ω(log k). On the other hand, if ℱ is k-uniform, the lower bound on g(k) is much higher: g(k) ≥ Ω(√{k / log k}) (Radhakrishnan and Srinivasan, Rand. Struct. Alg., 2000). In order to bridge this gap, we define a family of locally-almost-uniform hypergraphs, for which we show, via the randomized algorithm of Cherkashin and Kozik (Rand. Struct. Alg., 2015), that g(k) can be much higher than Ω(log k), e.g., 2^Ω(√{log k}) under suitable conditions
Chess Is Hard Even for a Single Player
No full textWe introduce a generalization of "Solo Chess", a single-player variant of the game that can be played on chess.com. The standard version of the game is played on a regular 8 × 8 chessboard by a single player, with only white pieces, using the following rules: every move must capture a piece, no piece may capture more than 2 times, and if there is a King on the board, it must be the final piece. The goal is to clear the board, i.e, make a sequence of captures after which only one piece is left. We generalize this game to unbounded boards with n pieces, each of which have a given number of captures that they are permitted to make. We show that Generalized Solo Chess is NP-complete, even when it is played by only rooks that have at most two captures remaining. It also turns out to be NP-complete even when every piece is a queen with exactly two captures remaining in the initial configuration. In contrast, we show that solvable instances of Generalized Solo Chess can be completely characterized when the game is: a) played by rooks on a one-dimensional board, and b) played by pawns with two captures left on a 2D board. Inspired by Generalized Solo Chess, we also introduce the Graph Capture Game, which involves clearing a graph of tokens via captures along edges. This game subsumes Generalized Solo Chess played by knights. We show that the Graph Capture Game is NP-complete for undirected graphs and DAGs. © N.R. Aravind, Neeldhara Misra, and Harshil Mittal
Video Coding with Motion-Compensated Interpolation for CD-ROM Applications
No full textThis memorandum discusses the compression of digital video signals at bit-rates around 1 Mbps for interactive playback applications. The coding algorithm is required not only to provide good-quality reconstruction of complex material but also to facilitate interactivity with the bit-stream at the decoder. The algorithm proposed in the paper is based on the well-known technique of motion-compensated prediction error. This basic approach is considerably enhanced with motion-compensated interpolation of skipped video frames and selective coding of the interpolation errors. The interactivity requirements are met by partitioning the video sequence into segments each comprised of a small number of frames. Different ways of encoding a segment are examined. An arrangement is selected that has one intra-coded frame in the center of the segment and a symmetrical pattern of predicted and interpolated frames on the two sides of the intra-coded frame. Segments of length 9 and 15 frames are evaluated. While the shorter segment leads to faster interactivity and simpler decoder implementation, the associated picture quality is much inferior to that obtained with the longer segment. Finally, a rough design of the decoder, suitable for VLSI implementation, is outlined. The algorithm has been designed to encode and reproduce 30 frames per second, non-interlaced, 352 pels by 240 lines, which is related to te CCIR 601 format in a straightforward way
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Cremnoconchus globulus Reid & Aravind & Madhyastha 2013, SP. NOV.
No full textCREMNOCONCHUS GLOBULUS SP. NOV. (FIGS 2E, 4F, 5K, L, 8, 11H–L, 12H–L, 13A, B) Types: Holotype ZSI / WGRS /IR.INV-2310 (Fig. 11I, J); 2 paratypes ZSI / WGRS /IR.INV-2311, 2312 (Fig. 11K); Lesser Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka, India (13.24384°N, 75.17056°E). Etymology: Latin globulus, globular, in reference to shell shape. Diagnosis: Shell globular, without ribs; pseudumbilicus moderate, sometimes perforated; surface with satin sheen, no microstriae. Operculum weakly calcified, no internal ridge. Penis with lateral glandular flange, slender filament. Western Karnataka State. Shell (Figs 4F, 11H–L): Shell H 6.0– 8.8 mm. Shape (Table 1) globular; whorls rounded, without angulation; suture impressed; apex eroded; base slightly swollen. Columella moderately narrow, wider at base. Pseudumbilicus moderate (to 0.8 mm), sometimes perforated, outlined by angled margin, sometimes forming a slight rounded rib. Surface almost always without ribs above periphery; rarely a slight thickening or indistinct rib near suture. Surface with satin sheen; spiral striae almost or entirely absent (Fig. 4F). Diameter of first whorl 0.50–0.66 mm (N = 3). Colour: dark brown or olive-brown, sometimes darker on spire and in band at suture; columella and umbilicus purple-brown; aperture pale brown to whitish, with sutural band showing through. Animal: Head, tentacles, and sides of foot pale grey to black, tentacles darker, paler at tip of snout. Gills: up to 40 leaflets; black. Operculum (Table 1; Fig. 5K, L): opercular ratio 0.364 –0.421; weakly calcified, dark red-brown, no internal ridge. Penis (Fig. 12H–L): unpigmented or slightly pigmented; base wrinkled, with long thickened flange running across left side towards eye, glandular knob on right side, and slight glandular swelling distally (sometimes opaque); invagination about half length of base in ethanol-fixed specimens; filament slender, rarely protruding in ethanol-fixed specimens. Pallial oviduct: as for genus. Radula (Fig. 13A, B): Relative radula length 2.66– 3.43. Rachidian: length/width 1.10–1.22; 5 cusps (+ 1 outer denticle on either side). Lateral: 5 cusps (+ 1 inner denticle). Inner marginal: 5 cusps. Outer marginal: 4–5 cusps. Major cusp of each of 5 central teeth triangular leaf-shaped with pointed to slightly rounded tip; other cusps pointed. Range (Fig. 8): Western Karnataka State, Kudremukh (55 km north-east of Mangalore). Records (see Supporting Table S1): Karnataka State: Lesser Kadambi Falls (ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2310, 2311, 2312); Greater Kadambi Falls (ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2308, 2309). Habitat and ecology: Common in film of water flowing over rock face beside waterfall (Fig. 2E); on stones in shallow streams (to 30 cm deep) with fast-flowing water; in partial shade of riparian vegetation in wet evergreen forest. Altitude 941 and 967 m. Remarks: Four Cremnoconchus species have similar umbilicate, globular to turbinate, smooth shells (Table 4). Cremnoconchus globulus is distinguished by its lack of a basal rib (present in C. cingulatus), moderate pseudumbilicus and weakly calcified operculum (well calcified in C. castanea). Distinction from C. hanumani, with which it occurs in the same microhabitat, is discussed in the Remarks on that species. The penes of all four are diagnostic (Figs 12, 14, 15).Published as part of Reid, David G., Aravind, Neelavara Ananthram & Madhyastha, Neelavara Ananthram, 2013, A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W. T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae), pp. 93-135 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167 (1) on page 121, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00875.x, http://zenodo.org/record/529227
Cremnoconchus hanumani Reid & Aravind & Madhyastha 2013, SP. NOV.
No full textCREMNOCONCHUS HANUMANI SP. NOV. <p>(FIGS 4N, O, 5I, J, 7G, H, 8, 11A–G, 12A–G)</p> <p> <i>Types:</i> Holotype ZSI / WGRS /IR.INV-2303 (Fig. 11A, B); 1 paratype ZSI / WGRS /IR.INV-2304 (Fig. 11C); Hanuman Gundi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka, India (13.27008°N 75.15511°E).</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> After the Hindu deity Hanuman, from the type locality.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Shell turbinate to globular, without ribs; pseudumbilicus broad but not perforated; surface with satin sheen, faint microstriae. Operculum weakly calcified, no internal ridge. Penis with slight distal swelling, stout filament. Western Karnataka State.</p> <p> <i>Shell (Figs 4N, O, 11A–G):</i> Shell H 3.3–5.0 mm. Shape (Table 1) globular to turbinate; whorls rounded, not or only slightly angled at periphery; suture impressed, with slightly flattened ramp and weakly angled shoulder; apex eroded; base slightly swollen. Delicate texture. Columella narrow. Pseudumbilicus broad (to 1.0 mm; rarely 0.3–0.5 mm), hollowed but not deeply perforated, outlined by sharply angled margin continuous with apertural margin (Fig. 11B). Surface without ribs; with satin sheen; very fine or faint spiral striae (Fig. 4N, O), becoming obsolete on last whorl of largest shells. Protoconch 1.4 whorls; diameter 0.62 (<i>N</i> = 1); diameter of first whorl 0.45– 0.53 mm (<i>N</i> = 2). Colour: dark brown or olive-brown,</p> <p> › <b>Figure 11.</b> Shells of <i>Cremnoconchus</i> species. A –G, <i>C. hanumani</i>. H–L, <i>C. globulus</i>. M–P, <i>C. agumbensis</i>. Q–U, <i>C. cingulatus</i>. V–AA, <i>C. castanea</i>. BB–EE, <i>C. dwarakii</i>. A–C, <b> <i>C. hanumani</i> sp. nov.</b> , holotype (A, B; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2303) and paratype (C; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2304), Hanuman Gundi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka. D–G, Greater Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka (D, E two views of same specimen; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2305, 2306, 2307). H, L, Greater Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2308, 2309). I–K, <b> <i>C. globulus</i> sp. nov.</b> , holotype (I, J; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2310) and paratype (K; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2311), Lesser Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka. M–P, <b> <i>C. agumbensis</i> sp. nov.</b> , holotype (M, N; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2313) and paratypes (O, P; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2314, 2315), Someshwara to Agumbe road, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. Q–U, <b> <i>C. cingulatus</i> sp. nov.</b> , holotype (R, S; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2316) and paratypes (Q, T, U; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2317, 2318, 2319), Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. V–X, <b> <i>C. castanea</i> sp. nov.</b> , holotype (W, X; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2321) and paratype (V; ZSI/ WGRS/IR.INV-2320), Belkal Thirtha Falls, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. Y, Arasinagundi Falls, Udupi Dist., Karnataka (BMNH 20120032). Z, AA, no locality (two views of same specimen; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2322). BB–DD, <b> <i>C. dwarakii</i> sp. nov.</b> , holotype (BB, CC; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2323) and paratype (DD; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2324), Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. EE, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka (BMNH 20120036).</p> <p>sometimes a narrow purple-brown band at suture; columella whitish or slightly tinged purple-brown; aperture pale with sutural band showing through.</p> <p> <i>Animal:</i> Head, tentacles, and sides of foot dark grey to black. Gills: 24–30 leaflets; grey or unpigmented. Operculum (Table 1; Fig. 5I, J): opercular ratio 0.318 – 0.400; weakly calcified, translucent mid-brown, no internal ridge. Penis (Fig. 12A–G): unpigmented or slightly pigmented; base wrinkled, slightly swollen (possibly glandular) distally; invagination 70–90% of length of base in ethanol-fixed specimens; filament relatively stout, usually protruding in ethanol-fixed specimens. Pallial oviduct: as for genus. One pallial oviduct contained single egg with firm covering 0.47 mm diameter (ethanol fixed).</p> <p> <i>Radula (Fig. 7G, H):</i> Relative radula length 2.50– 3.06. Rachidian: length/width 1.09–1.21; 5 cusps (+ 1 outer denticle on either side). Lateral: 5 cusps (+ 1–2 inner denticles). Inner marginal: 6 cusps. Outer marginal: 6–7 cusps (+ 1 inner or outer denticle). Major cusp of each of 5 central teeth leaf-shaped with pointed tip; other cusps pointed.</p> <p> <i>Range (Fig. 8):</i> Western Karnataka State, Kudremukh (55 km north-east of Mangalore). Records (Supporting Table S1): Karnataka State: Hanuman Gundi Falls (ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2303, 2304); Greater Kadambi Falls (ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2305, 2306, 2307).</p> <p> <i>Habitat and ecology:</i> On rocks and cliff wetted by spray from strong waterfall; in crevices; in partial</p> <p>shade of riparian vegetation in wet evergreen forest. Altitude 830 m and 941 m.</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> The small, globose shell with delicate texture and wide (but not perforated) pseudumbilicus are distinctive of this species. <i>Cremnoconchus castanea</i> has a taller, thicker shell and well-calcified operculum (Table 4). <i>Cremnoconchus globulus</i> can be found together with <i>C. hanumani</i> (Supporting Table S1); the former is larger, more solid, with a moderate umbilicus; the operculum is weakly calcified in both, but dark red-brown in <i>C. globulus</i> and translucent mid-brown in <i>C. hanumani</i>. The penis of <i>C. hanumani</i> is diagnostic.</p> <p> Where this species occurs in the same stream as the larger <i>C. globulus</i> there is no obvious difference in microhabitat.</p>Published as part of <i>Reid, David G., Aravind, Neelavara Ananthram & Madhyastha, Neelavara Ananthram, 2013, A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W. T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae), pp. 93-135 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 167 (1)</i> on pages 118-121, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00875.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5292273">http://zenodo.org/record/5292273</a>
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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