1,720,980 research outputs found
Weight gain after smoking cessation
No full textBoth overweight or obesity and cigarette smoking are
relevant risk factors for public health. Cigarette smoking is
associated with lower body weight while smoking cessation
is associated with weight gain. Most smokers who quit experience
a weight gain, particularly within one year, and it
may persist up to 8 years after smoking cessation. However,
only a minority of quitters gain excessive weight. Some
individual characteristics have been found to be associated
with excessive weight gain after smoking cessation while
methodological problems may affect estimates of weight
gain observed in different studies. Main mechanisms to explain
weight gain after smoking cessation include increased
energy intake, decreased resting metabolic rate, and decreased
physical activity. The health benefits of smoking
cessation far exceed any health risks that may result from
smoking cessation-induced body weight gain. As weight
gain may be a barrier against quitting smoking or a reason
to restart smoking, behavioural and pharmacological
methods have been evaluated to control weight gain after
smoking cessation. Physicians should apply efficient strategies
to promote smoking cessation on their weight-concerned
smoking patient. This review briefly addresses
some issues on the relationship between smoking cessation
and weight gain, with regard to the size of the problem,
mechanisms, health risks and control strategies
Different mortality, recurrence and bleeding between cancer and non cancer patients with pulmonary embolism (PE): 1 year follow-up
No full textSmoking cessation over the first year of follow-up in a lung cancer screening with spiral chest CT scan (Italung_CT study)
No full textLung cancer screening promote smoking cessation1, and receiving results from annual chest CT scan improve abstinence2. Italung_CT is a randomized controlled study ongoing in 3 cities (Firenze, Pistoia, Pisa) in Tuscany-Italy.
Aim of this study was to assess smoking cessation rates over the first year of follow-up among participants in the Italung_CT study, enrolled at the Smoking Cessation Centre of Pisa Hospital (PH).
All current smokers participating in Italung_CT study (age-range 55-69 years, >=20 pack-years) are offered the same 1-year smoking cessation program (i.e. nicotine replacement therapy or bupropion + counselling), usually provided to smokers asking help to quit at PH. Survival analysis was used to compare abstinence rates of Italung_CT smokers starting the program in 2005 (CTgroup, n=76, 41.3% of Italung_CT smokers) with those of smokers, with the same age-range and pack-years characteristics, followed over the same 1-year period at PH (PHgroup, n=66).
Abstinence rates at 3, 6 and 12 months were 38.2, 31.6 and 28.9% in CTgroup, and 24.2, 15.5 and 13.6% in PHgroup, respectively. Median time of abstinence, for smokers who quit at least 7 days, was 175 and 75 days for CTgroup and PHgroup, respectively. Probability of persisting in smoking over time was significantly lower in CTgroup (HR 0.55; p=0.029), after adjusting for age, pack-years, and level of nicotine dependence. Participation in a lung cancer screening improve abstinence, given the same assisted smoking cessation intervention. Smoking cessation program should be implemented in lung cancer screening.
1. Ostroff JS, et al. Prev Med 2001.
2. Townsend CO, et al. Cancer 200
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
30-day potentially preventable hospital readmissions in older patients: Clinical phenotype and health care related risk factors
Full text linkPurpose: Early readmission rate has been regarded as an indicator of in-hospital and postdischarge quality of care. Evaluating the contributing factors is crucial to optimize the healthcare and target the intervention. In this study we evaluated the potential for preventing 30-day hospital readmission in a cohort of older patients and identified possible risk factors for readmission. Patients and methods: Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) codes of patients consecutively hospitalized for acute disease in the Geriatrics Unit of the University Hospital of Pisa within a 1-year window were recorded. All the patients had received a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Crossing and elaboration of the DRG codes was performed by the Potentially Preventable Readmission Grouping software (3MTM Corporation). DRG codes were classified as stand-alone admissions (SA), index admissions (IA) and potentially preventable readmissions (PPR) within a time window of 30 days after discharge. Results: In total, 1263 SA and 171 IA were identified, with an overall PPR rate of 11.9%. Hospitalizations were significantly longer in IA and PPR than SA (p<0.05). The more frequent readmission causes were acute heart failure, pulmonary edema, sepsis, pneumonia and stroke. In acute heart failure a nonlinear U-shaped readmission trend (with nadir at 5 days of hospitalization) was observed while, in all the other DRG codes, the PPR rate increased with increasing length of hospitalization. Comprehensive geriatric assessment showed a significantly lower degree of disability and comorbidity in SA than IA patients. At stepwise regression analysis, a high degree of disability and comorbidity as well as the diagnosis of sepsis emerged as independent risk factors for PPR. Conclusion: Addressing PPR is crucial, especially in older patients. The adequacy of treatment during hospitalization (especially in cases of sepsis) as well as the setting of a comprehensive discharge plan, accounting for comorbidity and disability of the patients, are essential to reduce PPR
Aumento di peso dopo cessazione del fumo in fumatori astinenti seguiti per 12 mesi in un programma di disassuefazione standardizzato
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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