1,721,068 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Brain mechanisms underlying fatigue and its impact on the motivation to exert effort
Full text linkFatigue, a feeling of tiredness or exhaustion, increases with effortful exertion and impacts motivation and performance. While healthy people typically recover during periods of rest, persistent forms of fatigue are a debilitating symptom in many medical conditions and in particular in Parkinson’s disease (PD). To date, the neural and computational mechanisms in the brain that underlie fatigue and its impact on the willingness to exert effort are still poorly understood. Using physical effort-based decision-making paradigms and trial-by-trial self-report ratings in combination with a novel computational model, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and pharmacological manipulation, this thesis addresses the following outstanding research questions: How are brain systems implicated in effort-based decision-making impacted by momentary levels of fatigue in healthy individuals (Chapter 2)? Do people prioritise effort or reward information before option selection and are these preferences associated with fatigue and motivation to exert effort (Chapter 3)? How does fatigue develop as a function of effort, rest and rewards (Chapter 4), and what are the specific effects of dopaminergic medication in PD patients (Chapter 5)? Finally, how closely linked are dynamic changes in fatigue ratings and in the motivation to exert effort (Chapter 6)?
Together, the findings suggest that levels of fatigue fluctuate on a moment-to-moment basis as a function of the recent history of effortful exertion and rest, with underlying recoverable and unrecoverable components, impacting people’s sensitivity to efforts and the subjective value of exerting effort to obtain rewards. Separate frontal sub-regions signalled recoverable and unrecoverable fatigue states, while current fatigue levels were integrated with value in the ventral striatum and the frontal pole. Dopaminergic medication affected self-reported fatigue, playing a differential role in recovery. In addition to these insights, the studies demonstrate that the paradigms and the computational model developed here may provide new approaches for the assessment and quantification of pathological forms of fatigue and associated deficits in motivation and might thereby help identify potential avenues for prevention and treatment
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Understanding human decision-making with models of animal foraging
Full text linkClassic research in human decision-making has typically required participants to make choices between two options associated with different reward values. However, models of animal foraging suggest that there is another important class of problems that animals have to solve frequently – patch-leaving decisions. In patch-leaving decisions, the important variable is not which option an agent picks at a standardised timepoint, but rather, when an agent leaves a current location to travel and find rewards elsewhere. In this thesis, I’ll be discussing how we can use models of animal foraging to better explain human decision-making. Across two studies I will examine whether humans conform to the principles identified in studies of animal foraging, when making patch-leaving decisions. The first experiment I’ll be discussing explores a range of factors that can affect economic decision-making under a patch-foraging paradigm, including the value of the environment in which an individual patch is situated, the time and effort costs of leaving a particular patch, and the value of the patch itself. The second set of experiments I’ll be discussing explores how we can use this same patch-leaving paradigm to better understand human social decision-making. These studies both support the notion that humans make decisions about when to leave locations in a manner that conforms to the principles of theories of how animals solve patch-leaving problems. Across the thesis, I will review animal foraging research, as well as relevant human research, and discuss the strengths of this approach and highlight the work’s limitations. Overall, I conclude that behavioural ecology approaches to animal behaviour may be fruitful for understanding human decision-making
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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