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Exploring the Relationship Between Food Neophobia and Olfaction : Acceptance of Fruits and Vegetables and Odor Liking, Identification and Awareness in Swedish Children Aged 9-12 years
No full textIn recent years, interest in the connection between food neophobia and olfaction has increased within research, primarily focused on olfactory function and predominantly including adults or adolescents. However, children's reluctance to eat unfamiliar foods raises concern in many households and may be linked to olfactory factors beyond function. The overall aim of this thesis was to study odor perception in relation to food neophobia in school-aged children. More specifically, focus lay on the identification, liking, and awareness of odors and the acceptance of fruits and vegetables. The thesis is based on sensory and survey data collected from Swedish children aged 9–12 years (n = 126). Food odors may offer a new form of familiarizing exposure, as exposure to healthy foods has been shown to enhance liking and reduce food neophobia. To study the interaction between food neophobia and the awareness of food, social, and environmental odors, the Swedish ChiPSO questionnaire was developed. Additionally, a new set of food odorants for use in research with children was developed to explore food neophobia in relation to the identification and liking of fruit and vegetable odors. In contrast to previous studies with adults and adolescents, no connection was observed in the present sample between food neophobia and olfactory function. In this first study of the relationship between childhood food neophobia and odor awareness, no direct connection was observed. However, higher odor awareness was associated with a lower acceptance of vegetables. In addition, higher environmental odor awareness was associated with a lower ability to identify odors. This may suggest that some children struggle to develop familiarity with certain odors due to avoidant behaviors. In the present sample, a positive connection was observed between participants' fruit and vegetable odor identification scores and their liking of the same odors. This may suggest a link between odor familiarity and food liking. Also, a connection was observed between high fruit and vegetable odor liking and high overall liking of the corresponding fruits and vegetables, rated through a questionnaire and the sensory evaluation of food samples. This might suggest a connection between odor-liking and food-liking, possibly indicating familiarization with odors as a promising approach for increasing food liking. In conclusion, there appear to be differences in how children with and without food neophobia interact with and perceive odors. This dissertation provides valuable insights into developmental olfaction and food neophobia in children, which may serve as a foundation for future interventions and research
Sensory attribute description in descriptive analysis : A quantative cross sectional study of articles published 1974-2019
No full textBakgrund Deskriptiv sensorisk analys (DSA) syftar till att beskriva sensoriska egenskaper (attribut) hos livsmedelslprodukter. En bedömarpanel analyserar ett produktprov genom att identifiera, namnge och mäta intensiteten hos ett antal attribut. Syfte Syftet med undersökningen var att studera hur attribut identifieras, beskrivs och presenteras inom vetenskaplig tillämpning av DSA. Metod Sjuttiofyra artiklar, publicerade i vetenskapliga tidskrifter mellan 1974 och 2019, analyserades kvantitativt med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik. Sjutton variabler användes för datainsamling. Samband mellan variablerna analyserades med hjälp av statistiska tester. Resultat Av artiklarna var 96 % publicerade i tidskrifter utan specifik inriktning mot sensorisk analys. I två tredjedelar av artiklarna tillämpades generisk deskriptiv analys (GDA). I fler än hälften av artiklarna avvek panelen från vad som rekommenderas kring bedömarantal eller tid för träning. I snitt användes 1,4 ord för namngivning av attributen. I hälften av artiklarna definierades inte attributen. I två tredjedelar av artiklarna presenterades inte några referensprodukter för att illustrera skalstegen. I tre fjärdedelar av artiklarna presenterades attributen i metodbeskrivningen. Meddelandelen substantiv var 68,2 % och 31 % adjektiv. En måttlig negativ korrelation mellan andelen substantiv och tiden för träning av bedömarpanelen var statistiskt signifikant. Slutsats I många vetenskapliga studier utförs DSA utan att gällande rekommendationer kring bedömarpanelen följs. I artiklar publicerade i vetenskapliga tidskrifter presenteras attributen inprecist nog att ifrågasätta användbarheten hos resultaten. Att ge den kvalitativa delen av undersökningen, identifiering och namngivning av attributen, status resultat skulle kunna öka intresset för att definiera attributen och illustrera skalstegen, vilket är en förutsättning för att tolka det kvantitativa resultatet (intensitetsmätningen) på ett meningsfullt sätt.Background Descriptive sensory analysis (DSA) aims to describe the sensory attributes of food products. A panel of assessors analyze a sample of the product to identify and name a set of attributes and estimate their intensity. Objective The aim of the study was to research how attributes are identified, described and presented in the scientific use of DSA. Method By using descriptive statistics, 74 articles published in scientific journals between 1974 and 2019 were analyzed quantitatively. Data collection was conducted using 17 variables. Correlations between variables and differences between groups were analyzed using statistical tests. Results Of the articles 96 % were published in non-sensory-specific journals. Generic descriptive analysis (GDA) was used in two thirds of the articles. In more than half of the articles the number of assessors, or the time spent on assessor training, differed from what is recommended. An avarage of 1.4 descriptive words were used to name each attribute. In half of the articles no definitions of the attributes were given. In two thirds of the articles no reference products were presented to illustrate the attributes or different points of the scale. In three quarters of the articles the attributes were presentet in the section of method description, and not the results. The avarage share of nouns was 68.2 % and 31 % adjectives. A moderate negative correlation between the share of nouns and the time spent on panel training was significant. Conclusion Sometimes DSA is used without panel recommendations being followed. There are scientific articles where the sensory attributes are presented vaguely enough to question the usability of the results. To interperet naming of the sensory attributes as a qualitative results could motivate a more defined presentation, which would benefit the quantitative result (intensity assesment) by explaining what is meassured
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Det rationella, det trovärdiga och det ideologiska : Budskap i marknadsföring av kosttillskott i svenska tidskrifter
No full textBakgrund: Nationella rekommendationer avråder från allmän användning av kosttillskott. Ändå visar försäljningsstatistik och kostundersökningar att många svenskar konsumerar kosttillskott. Vi var intresserade av att studera budskap kring kosttillskott som sänds via svenska media. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen var att kartlägga och tolka budskap i annonser som marknadsför kosttillskott i kommersiella svenska tidskrifter. Metod: Metoden som användes för att kartlägga och tolka budskap var en kvalitativ innehållsanalys inspirerad av Graneheim och Lundman. Texterna transkriberades och innehållet kodades. Därefter kategoriserades och abstraherades innehållet för att identifiera centrala teman som beskriver centrala mönster. Material: För att begränsa materialet till enbart annonser för kosttillskott formulerades ett antal inklusions- och exklusionskriterier. Här inkluderades produkter med märkningen kosttillskott eller dietary supplements, samt produkter som angavs innehålla minst en typ av vitamin eller mineral och säljas i avgränsade doser. Totalt inkluderades 29 annonser i nio olika tidskrifter. Tidpunkt för materialinsamlingen var april 2017. Resultat: Tre centrala teman identifierades: det rationella, det trovärdiga, samt det ideologiska. Dessa beskriver centrala mönster bland budskapen. Diskussion och slutsats: Resultaten i denna uppsats tyder på att det finns tre teman bland de budskap som återfinns i annonser som marknadsför kosttillskott i svenska tidskrifter. Rationella budskap om att kosttillskott är nödvändigt, har en förmåga att behandla hälsoproblem och skydda mot hälsorisker, samt hälsoförbättrande egenskaper. Andra mönster som framställs är trovärdighet som har belägg i vetenskaplig forskning och personliga upplevelser, samt ideologiska budskap om att kosttillskott är naturligt och helande förmågor
Snacks from the sea : a cross-national comparison of consumer acceptance for crackers added with algae
Get PDFOne of the main priorities of current food systems is to develop new and healthy foods to overcome food shortages considering consumer's expectations. Algae are receiving increasing attention as nutritious and sustainable food, though studies are limited mainly to Arthrospira and Chlorella species and cross-national research is scant. This study aims to investigate European consumers' liking and perception of crackers added with powders from Arthrospira platensis (green Spirulina), isolated proteins from Arthrospira platensis (blue Spirulina), Palmaria palmata, Saccharina latissima, Lithothamnium calcareum and a control cracker. Belgian, German, Italian, and Swedish participants (n = 413, 18-69 years, 59.8% females) evaluated cracker liking and perceived sensory attributes using the check-all-that-apply (CATA) task. Food neophobia, familiarity towards, and consumption of algae were also collected. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) analyses showed that across all countries, Lithothamnium calcareum, blue Spirulina and the control samples were perceived as similar and were liked more than the other crackers. "Sweet", "toasted bread", and "bland" attributes were significant contributors to liking, while "off-flavor", "fishy flavor", "umami" and "speckled" contributed negatively. PLSR performed by country provided similar results except for Italians who liked the green Spirulina sample equally as the samples added with Lithothamnium calcareum, blue Spirulina, and the control. These cross-national differences can be ascribed to Italians' lower food neophobia level. The present results suggest that Lithothamnium calcareum is the most promising algal species to be exploited in food formulations and that the use of isolated proteins from Spirulina (blue Spirulina) significantly reduces off-flavors, consequently improving consumers' acceptance
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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