1,721,004 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Hydrological processes in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
No full textUnderstanding hydrological processes is of fundamental importance for the Vietnamese national food security and the livelihood of the population in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). As a consequence of sparse data in this region, however, hydrologic processes, such as the controlling processes of precipitation, the interaction between surface and groundwater, and groundwater dynamics, have not been thoroughly studied. The lack of this knowledge may negatively impact the long-term strategic planning for sustainable groundwater resources management and may result in insufficient groundwater recharge and freshwater scarcity. It is essential to develop useful methods for a better understanding of hydrological processes in such data-sparse regions. The goal of this dissertation is to advance methodologies that can improve the understanding of fundamental hydrological processes in the VMD, based on the analyses of stable water isotopes and monitoring data. The thesis mainly focuses on the controlling processes of precipitation, the mechanism of surface–groundwater interaction, and the groundwater dynamics. These processes have not been fully addressed in the VMD so far. The thesis is based on statistical analyses of the isotopic data of Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP), of meteorological and hydrological data from Vietnamese agencies, and of the stable water isotopes and monitoring data collected as part of this work.
First, the controlling processes of precipitation were quantified by the combination of trajectory analysis, multi-factor linear regression, and relative importance analysis (hereafter, a model‐based statistical approach). The validity of this approach is confirmed by similar, but mainly qualitative results obtained in other studies. The total variation in precipitation isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) can be better explained by multiple linear regression (up to 80%) than single-factor linear regression (30%). The relative importance analysis indicates that atmospheric moisture regimes control precipitation isotopes rather than local climatic conditions. The most crucial factor is the upstream rainfall along the trajectories of air mass movement. However, the influences of regional and local climatic factors vary in importance over the seasons. The developed model‐based statistical approach is a robust tool for the interpretation of precipitation isotopes and could also be applied to understand the controlling processes of precipitation in other regions.
Second, the concept of the two-component lumped-parameter model (LPM) in conjunction with stable water isotopes was applied to examine the surface–groundwater interaction in the VMD. A calibration framework was also set up to evaluate the behaviour, parameter identifiability, and uncertainties of two-component LPMs. The modelling results provided insights on the subsurface flow conditions, the recharge contributions, and the spatial variation of groundwater transit time. The subsurface flow conditions at the study site can be best represented by the linear-piston flow distribution. The contributions of the recharge sources change with distance to the river. The mean transit time (mTT) of riverbank infiltration increases with the length of the horizontal flow path and the decreasing gradient between river and groundwater. River water infiltrates horizontally mainly via the highly permeable aquifer, resulting in short mTTs (80 weeks). Notably, the transit time of precipitation infiltration is independent of the distance to the river. All these results are hydrologically plausible and could be quantified by the presented method for the first time. This study indicates that the highly complex mechanism of surface–groundwater interaction at riverbank infiltration systems can be conceptualized by exploiting two‐component LPMs. It is illustrated that the model concept can be used as a tool to investigate the hydrological functioning of mixing processes and the flow path of multiple water components in riverbank infiltration systems.
Lastly, a suite of time series analysis approaches was applied to examine the groundwater dynamics in the VMD. The assessment was focused on the time-variant trends of groundwater levels (GWLs), the groundwater memory effect (representing the time that an aquifer holds water), and the hydraulic response between surface water and multi-layer alluvial aquifers. The analysis indicates that the aquifers act as low-pass filters to reduce the high‐frequency signals in the GWL variations, and limit the recharge to the deep groundwater. The groundwater abstraction has exceeded groundwater recharge between 1997 and 2017, leading to the decline of groundwater levels (0.01-0.55 m/year) in all considered aquifers in the VMD. The memory effect varies according to the geographical location, being shorter in shallow aquifers and flood-prone areas and longer in deep aquifers and coastal regions. Groundwater depth, season, and location primarily control the variation of the response time between the river and alluvial aquifers. These findings are important contributions to the hydrogeological literature of a little-known groundwater system in an alluvial setting. It is suggested that time series analysis can be used as an efficient tool to understand groundwater systems where resources are insufficient to develop a physical-based groundwater model.
This doctoral thesis demonstrates that important aspects of hydrological processes can be understood by statistical analysis of stable water isotope and monitoring data. The approaches developed in this thesis can be easily transferred to regions in similar tropical environments, particularly those in alluvial settings. The results of the thesis can be used as a baseline for future isotope-based studies and contribute to the hydrogeological literature of little-known groundwater systems in the VMD.Ein fundiertes Verständnis der hydrologischen Prozesse im vietnamesischen Mekong Delta (VMD) ist von grundlegender Bedeutung für den Lebensunterhalt der Bevölkerung im Mekong Delta, und darüber hinaus auch für die nationale Ernährungssicherheit. Aufgrund des Fehlens einer belastbaren Datenbasis konnten bislang eine Reihe von wichtigen hydrologischen Prozessen nur unzureichend untersucht und quantifiziert werden. Dazu zählen unter anderem die Analyse des Ursprungs des Niederschlages im Delta, die Interaktion zwischen Oberflächen- und Grundwasser, sowie die Grundwasserdynamik. Diese Lücken im Wissensstand verhindern eine solide datenbasierte Wasserwirtschaftsplanung, was unter Berücksichtigung der derzeitigen Trends mittelfristig zu weiter fallenden Grundwasserständen und Wasserknappheit führen wird. Daher ist es von großer Bedeutung, Methoden und Werkzeuge zu entwickeln, die auch unter der bestehenden Datenknappheit belastbare quantitative Ergebnisse für eine nachhaltige Wasserbewirtschaftung liefern können. Das Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, solche Methoden zu entwickeln und zu testen, um grundlegende hydrologische Prozesse im VMD besser verstehen und quantifizieren zu können. Hierzu werden die existierenden Messdaten sowie im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gesammelte Daten zum Gehalt an stabilen Wasserisotopen verwendet. Mit Hilfe dieser Daten wurden folgende Prozesse untersucht:
1. Der Ursprung und die Fraktionierung des Niederschlages im VMD.
2. Die Interaktion zwischen Oberflächen- und Grundwasser mit einem besonderen Fokus auf die ufernahen Gebiete.
3. Die großflächige Dynamik in den verschiedenen Grundwasserleitern der letzten Jahrzehnte.
Die Prozesse, die den Ursprung und die Verteilung des Niederschlagsbestimmen, wurden mittels einer Kombination aus Isotopendaten, Trajektorienanalyse, multifaktorieller Regression, und relativer Wichtigkeitsanalyse untersucht. Diese Kombination ist nachfolgend „modelbasierter statistischer Ansatz“ betitelt. Hierbei wurde festgestellt, dass die Varianz im Isotopengehalt des Niederschlags (δ18O and δ2H) mit der multifaktoriellen Regression zu 80% erklärt werden konnte, was im Vergleich zu einer einfachen Regression mit 30% erklärter Varianz eine deutliche Verbesserung darstellt. Die Wichtigkeitsanalyse ergab zudem, dass großskalige atmosphärische Feuchtigkeitsverteilungen einen weitaus größeren Einfluss auf die Isotopenverteilung im Niederschlag haben, als lokale klimatische Bedingungen im VMD. Der hierbei wichtigste Faktor ist die Regenmenge entlang der Trajektorien der Luftmassenbewegungen. Die Wichtigkeit der Faktoren variiert jedoch saisonal zwischen Regen- und Trockenzeit. Der in dieser Dissertation entwickelte modelbasierte statistische Ansatz ist ein robustes Werkzeug zur Analyse und Interpretation der Isotopenverteilung im Niederschlag, der auch auf ähnliche Fragestellungen in andere Regionen übertragbar ist.
Im zweiten Teil der Dissertation wurden Zweikomponentenmodelle (LPM) in Verbindung mit Isotopenmessungen im Niederschlag, Oberflächen- und Grundwasser verwendet, um die Interaktion zwischen Oberflächen- und Grundwasser qualitativ und quantitativ zu beschreiben. Verschiedene Modellansätze wurden hierbei in einem automatischen Kalibrieransatz getestet, und deren Unsicherheit bestimmt. Hierbei hat sich das lineare Kolbenfließmodell (linear piston flow model) als das am besten geeignetste herausgestellt. Die Modellierungsergebnisse ermöglichten daraufhin eine modellbasierte Abschätzung der Grundwasserschwankungen und -flüsse, der Grundwasserneubildung und der räumlichen Variabilität der Grundwasserlaufzeiten. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass Grundwasserneubildung und deren Quellen räumlich variabel ist, und sich mit zunehmender Entfernung vom Fluss die Neubildung von primär Uferinfiltration hin zu Neubildung durch Niederschläge ändert. Analog dazu erhöhen sich die Grundwasserlaufzeiten mit der Länge der horizontalen Fließwege (= Entfernung vom Vorfluter) und mit sinkendem Gradienten zwischen Grundwasserstand und Wasserstand im Fluss. Flusswasser infiltriert über das Flussufer in den wasserleitenden Aquifer, mit mittleren Transferzeiten (mTT) von 80 Wochen wesentlich höher. Es konnte mit dieser Studie gezeigt werden, dass die komplexe Interaktion zwischen Grund- und Oberflächenwasser mittels eines konzeptionellen Modells in Verbindung mit aus Wasserproben bestimmten Isotopendaten konzeptionalisiert und quantifiziert werden kann. Der Ansatz empfiehlt sich daher als Werkzeug für die Untersuchung der Mischungsprozesse der Ufer- und Regenwasserinfiltration, sowie der Fließwege des Grundwassers in ähnlichen Gebieten.
Im letzten Teil der Dissertation wurden Trends in den Grundwasserständen im gesamtem VMD untersucht. Hierzu wurde eine Reihe von Methoden zur Zeitreihenanalyse angewandt. Der Fokus der Untersuchungen lag auf zeitvariablen Trends in den Grundwasserständen, der Wasserspeicherdauer (memory effect), und der hydraulischen Reaktionszeit zwischen dem Oberflächenwasser und den verschiedenen Aquiferen im VMD. Die Analyse ergab, dass die verschiedenen Schichten von Aquiferen und Aquitarden wie ein Tiefpassfilter auf die hydraulischen Signale des Oberflächenwassers wirken, was wiederum die Grundwasserneubildung in den tieferen Aquiferen stark reduziert. Die Zeitreihenanalyse ergab, dass die Entnahmemengen an Grundwasser insbesondere in den tieferen, stark genutzten Aquiferen die Neubildung im gesamten Analysezeitraum 1997 – 2017 überschritten hat. Dies führte zu Absenkung des Grundwasserspiegels von 0.01 – 0.55 m pro Jahr in den verschiedenen Aquiferen des VMD. Die Speicherdauer variiert zwischen den verschiedenen Regionen und Aquiferen des VMD. In den flacheren Aquiferen und in der Region mit tiefen Überflutungen während der Hochwassersaison sind die Speicherdauern kürzer, während sie in den tieferen Aquiferen und in den küstennahen Regionen wesentlich länger sind. Die Reaktionszeit variiert ebenfalls im Raum, wobei die wichtigsten Einflussfaktoren der Abstand des Grundwasserspiegels zur Oberfläche, die Saison und die Lage, hier besonders die Entfernung zum Fluss oder der Küste, sind. Diese qualitativen wie quantitativen Ergebnisse fügen wichtige und wesentlich Erkenntnisse zum Wissensstand über das Grundwasser im VMD hinzu. Die verwendeten Methoden empfehlen sich darüber hinaus für die Analyse von Grundwasserdynamiken in alluvialen Aquifersystemen im Generellen, wenn Daten und Ressourcen für ein physisches numerisches Grundwassermodell fehlen.
Die vorliegende Dissertation zeigt, dass wichtige hydrologische Prozesse auch über statistische Analysen von Mess- und Isotopendaten quantitativ analysiert werden können. Die Ergebnisse stellen eine Basisanalyse der Grundwasserdynamik und der sie beeinflussenden Prozesse im VMD dar, und sollten in weiteren Studien ausgebaut werden. Die Analyse der Isotopendaten liefert darüber hinaus die Basislinie für hydrologische Analysen mit stabilen Isotopen im VMD und aufgrund der ähnlichen klimatischen und geografischen Lage auch für weite Teile Südostasiens. Die entwickelten Methodenkombinationen können aufgrund ihrer generellen Natur auch problemlos auf andere tropische Regionen, insbesondere solche mit alluvialen Aquiferen, übertragen werden
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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