184,062 research outputs found
A fiscal needs approach to equalization transfers in a decentralized federation
No full textThe author reviews the conceptual basis for fiscal equalization transfers, analyzes the theoretical implications for optimal design of equalization transfers, and suggests quantitative approaches for assessing the fiscal needs of subnational governments and determining their entitlement to transfers. The author illustrates proposed methods using data for local and provincial Canadian governments. The proposed methods could be useful tools, he says, for undertaking systematic objective reviews of aggregate and sectoral public spending in developing countries. The author argues that in a decentralized federation, fiscal inefficiencies and inequities arise because of subnational governments'differing levels of ability to provide comparable public services at comparable tax rates. Fiscal equalization transfers that reduce or eliminate differentials in net fiscal benefits create a rare instance in economics when considerations of equity and efficiency coincide. These transfers must allow for differences in the spending needs and revenues-raising abilities of the various subnational governments. The author argues for a two-tiered approach to equalization. The first tier would be a federal responsibility to equalize the burden of federal taxes. The second tier would be an interprovincial equalization fund to be administered by the Council of Provincial Finance Ministers. It would entail a comprehensive equalization system that takes into account provincial spending needs. The standard of equalization would be negotiated.Public Sector Economics&Finance,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,National Governance,Environmental Economics&Policies
Demanding to be served : holding governments to account for improved access
No full textThis paper presents an overview of the constitutional-legal provisions on access to services in developing countries and shows that rights to public services are not justice-able. It further documents the performance record to show that governments'response to such a weak accountability framework has been predictable - poor performance in service delivery with little accountability. The paper also shows that while there has not been a shortage of ideas on how to deal with this problem, most approaches have failed because they could not diagnose and deal with the underlying causes of government dysfunction. The paper presents an analytical perspective on understanding the causes of dysfunctional governance and the incentives and accountability regimes that have the potential to overcome this dysfunction. The paper also documents practices that have shown some promise in improving access. The paper then integrates ideas from successful practices with conceptual underpinnings for good governance and presents a citizen-centric (rights based) governance approach to access. It further explores how such a citizen empowerment and government accountability framework can be implemented in practice, especially in the context of developing countries, where most governments still operate in a command and control environment with little or no orientation to serve their people. It also presents ideas on how to overcome resistance to such reforms.National Governance,Public Sector Corruption&Anticorruption Measures,Governance Indicators,Public Sector Expenditure Analysis&Management,Banks&Banking Reform
Fiscal decentralization in developing and transition economies: progress, problems, and the promise
No full textThe author discusses the revolution in public sector thinking that is transforming the public sectors of developing and transition countries. Countries are reconsidering their fiscal systems and searching for the right balance between central government control and decentralized governance. Political decentralization has advanced in most countries. Subnational expenditures in developing countries as a percentage of total public expenditures have also increased over the past two decades. However, the process is far from complete. In many countries, the central government is still involved in the delivery of local services, local governments have few sources of own-revenues, local governments have limited access to borrowing for capital projects, and the design of intergovernmental transfers does neither address regional fiscal equity nor convey appropriate incentives for fiscal discipline, improved service delivery performance, and accountability to citizens. Decentralized public governance can help realign public sector incentives through greater accountability to citizens, and attenuate the"democracy deficit"caused by globalization and the role of supranational institutions and regimes. However, this requires careful examination of the entire fiscal system. Elements of a comprehensive package of fiscal system reforms would include: (a) Clarifying roles of various levels of government in public service delivery; (b) Reassigning taxing responsibilities to ensure local revenue autonomy, accountability, and efficiency without endangering an internal common market; (c) Designing fiscal transfers to ensure regional fiscal equity and to create an enabling environment for innovative and competitive service delivery; (d) Facilitating responsible credit market access to subnational governments; (e) Designing institutional arrangements for intergovernmental fiscal relations to better coordinate policies; and (f) Aligning operational capacity with the authorizing environment through the"accountability for results"framework of public management.National Governance,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Municipal Financial Management,National Governance,Banks&Banking Reform,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Municipal Financial Management,Environmental Economics&Policies
Clipping of Handouts
No full textThis collection includes:
• Krüger, M. (n.d.). Einmal einfach [Book cover]. Publisher information unavailable.
• American Economic Association. (2010–2011). 125th anniversary economists calendar. American Economic Association.
• Hanzel, I., & Shaikh, A. (2012, January 2). Correspondence regarding Measuring the wealth of nations. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Measuring the wealth of nations [Enclosed pages]. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 57(2). (1989, June). Basil Blackwell.
• Shaikh, A. (2008, November 13). Comments on neoricardian theory and the measurement of prices of production : An alternative approach by Peter Flaschel, Reiner Franke, Roberto Veneziani, and Anwar Shaikh. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Flaschel, P., Franke, R., Veneziani, R., & Shaikh, A. (2008, November 12). Neoricardian theory and the measurement of prices of production: An alternative approach [Annotated manuscript]. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Shaikh, A. (n.d.). Handwritten note with equation for AC17. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Ganßmann, H. (2008, November 4). Letter to Anwar Shaikh regarding the workshop Money—interdisciplinary perspectives. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Caspari, V. (2008, October 2). Invitation to Anwar Shaikh for academic congress in honor of Bertram Schefold. Manuscript in possession of the author.
• Ganßmann, H. (2008, October 8). Letter and participant list for the workshop Money—interdisciplinary perspectives. Manuscript in possession of the author
Sosialisasi dan Implementasi Program Lesson Study For Learning Community di Perguruan Mathla'ul Anwar Se-Banten
No full textTHE SOCIALIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LESSON STUDY FOR LEARNING COMMUNITY PROGRAM AT MATHLA'UL ANWAR COLLEGE IN BANTEN. Lesson Study is a model of fostering the teaching profession through mastering collaborative and sustainable learning based on the principles of collegiality and mutual learning to improve the quality of learning and build learning communities. Dissemination of Lesson Study in Mathla'ul Anwar Banten is considered to be very potential to be able to encourage many parties to do their best to improve the quality of learning and be able to increase achievement motivation in students. One of the goals expected by Lesson Study is to develop a pattern of educating teacher competencies with the LSLC model. The benefits of this Dissemination activity will be the establishment of a training system that is needs-based and sustainable in order to improve the quality of learning. The results of LSLC dissemination have become a model for educating teachers to improve teacher competence and improve the quality of learning in the classroom
Newspaper Clippings on the Current Crisis
No full textThis collection includes:
Schurmann, F. (1990, November 21). Long-term cycle theory suggests looming depression. Newspaper clipping. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Lever, H. (1982, September 24). International banking\u27s house of cards. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1982, March 31). Business failures spreading. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Petzinger, T. Jr. (1982, May 24). Bankruptcy wave: Business failures hit post-depression high; tide expected to swell. The Wall Street Journal. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1983, July 5). Poor nations\u27 debts posing a threat to richer countries. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Magazine clipping. (1981, October 26). A history of failure. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Karmin, M. W. (1982, June 14). Do bankruptcies foretell a financial crash? U.S. News & World Report. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Time. (1982, April 26). A rising tide of bankruptcies. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
U.S. News & World Report. (1981, November 30). Companies going broke—How big a danger? Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Train, J. (1982, April 2). The 1930s again? Forbes. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Karmin, M. (1982, May 3). Business failures—A new wave to come? U.S. News & World Report. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Frank, A. D. (1982, May 24). Rush to reform. Forbes. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Egan, J. (1982, October 25). Banks on the brink. New York. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Quint, M., Sterngold, J., & Cole, R. J. (1990, August 23). Bank woes climbing in Northeast; Japan financial sector faces sharp reverses; Stocks fall sharply as oil surges. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Labaton, S. (1991, January 10). Regulators are glum on outlook. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Rochelle, W. J. (1990, November 29). What recession? It\u27s a depression. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Silk, L. (1982, September 1). Economic scene: Capitalism and crises. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Shaikh, A., PhD. (1984, April 21). Financial collapse, bad loans, and worldwide decline in profitability [Handwritten notes for presentation, Hamburg]. Manuscript in possession of author.
Shaikh, A., PhD. (1983, February 28). Other facts on U.S. versus other DCC\u27s [Handwritten notes comparing labor costs, social spending, taxes, and military spending]. Manuscript in possession of author.
Shaikh, A., PhD. (1984, November 7). Reagan years: 1980–84 [Handwritten outline covering economic boom 1982–1984]. Manuscript in possession of author.
Shaikh, A., PhD. (1984, April). Reduction of workweek as response to current crisis (Hamburg) [Paper discussing fall in profitability, labor, poverty, and Reaganism]. Manuscript in possession of author.
The New York Times. (1982, October 17). Family feuds [Political cartoon]. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Lewis, F. (1982, October 17). European slump tumbles leaders left and right. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Malabre Jr., A. L. (1980, April 8). Dangerous debt. The Wall Street Journal. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Bradsher, K. (1995, October 27). Widest gap in incomes? Research points to U.S. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1995, September 15). Bankruptcies rise in Japan. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
BusinessWeek. (1984, October 29). Behind the banking turmoil. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Silk, L. (1985, February 20). Economic scene: Expansion\u27s shaky base. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Kristof, N. D. (1985, July 30). Peru debt-payment cap is an important symbol. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1986, May 25). Concern over future of Mexico growing in U.S. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1986, June 10). Renewed respect for family companies\u27 traditional values. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Stockton, W. (1986, June 10). Peso value falls amid uncertainty on Mexico\u27s debt. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Wiggins, P. H. (1990, February 27). Wall Street weathers Japan jolt. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Fuerbringer, J. (1990, February 27). Why world shrugged off Tokyo\u27s stock tumble. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Bartlett, S. (1989, July 24). U.S. efforts to aid debtor nations bring \u27profound disappointment\u27. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Kilborn, P. T. (1989, July 24). U.S., Mexico and banks appear to be near to reaching agreement. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Silk, L. (1990, November 11). Why it\u27s too soon to predict another Great Depression. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
The New York Times. (1990, November 11). Taking the pulse of an ailing economy [Graphic showing recessions and GNP, 1960–1990]. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD.
Arenson, K. W. (1982, July 8). The erosion of American industry. The New York Times. Manuscript in possession of Anwar Shaikh, PhD
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A practitioner's guide to intergovernmental fiscal transfers
No full textIntergovernmental fiscal transfers are a dominant feature of subnational finance in most countries. They are used to ensure that revenues roughly match the expenditure needs of various orders (levels) of subnational governments. They are also used to advance national, regional, and local area objectives, such as fairness and equity, and creating a common economic union. The structure of these transfers creates incentives for national, regional, and local governments that have a bearing on fiscal management, macroeconomic stability, distributional equity, allocative efficiency, and public services delivery. This paper reviews the conceptual, empirical, and practice literature to distill lessons of policy interest in designing the fiscal transfers to create the right incentives for prudent fiscal management and competitive and innovative service delivery. It provides practical guidance on the design of performance-oriented transfers that emphasize bottom-up, client-focused, and results-based government accountability. It cites examples of simple but innovative grant designs that can satisfy grantors'objectives while preserving local autonomy and creating an enabling environment for responsive, responsible, equitable, and accountable public governance. The paper further provides guidance on the design and practice of equalizationtransfers for regional fiscal equity as well as the institutional arrangements for implementation of such transfer mechanisms. It concludes with negative (practices to avoid) and positive (practices to emulate) lessons from international practices.Public Sector Economics&Finance,Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Local Finance Management,Public Sector Management and Reform,Public&Municipal Finance,Urban Economics
Critical Stasis and Disruptive Performances:ICJ and the Anwar, R. trial in Koblenz
No full textThis article explores the extraterritorial criminal court case against Anwar R, a high-ranking member of the Syrian regime on trial for crimes against humanity in Koblenz, Germany. Empirically anchored in ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Koblenz and with the Commission for International Justice and Accountability, the article illuminates the trial as a ‘disruptive performance’. The case against Anwar R punctuates two instances of negative stasis and unsettles two accounts of chronicity, namely, those of the Syrian conflict and of the field of international criminal justice. In order to illuminate the trial as a disruptive performance, the article empirically situates the Koblenz case both in relation to the Syrian war that it relates to, to the international criminal justice apparatus that it is a part of and to the underlying compilation of evidence that substantiates it. It thus clarifies both the symbolic potential and the constitutive process that has brought it into being
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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