206 research outputs found
Viremic Dengue virus infections in travellers: Potential for local outbreak in Northern Italy
No full textDengue virus infection is a growing global problem and reports of outbreaks in Asia and Latin America as well as sporadic infections in international travellers are increasing. Two imported cases of serotype-1 Dengue virus infection in a Northern Italy region with high density of Aedes albopictus vector are described: a 27-year-oldman returning from Bali and a 25-years-oldwoman returning from Brazil. In both patients, viremia lasted for several days before disappearance. These cases stress the importance of investigating Dengue virus infections in febrile travellers, point to the potential for local outbreak of Dengue virus infection and emphasize the necessity of maintaining surveillance in non-endemic countries. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Unraveling Exercise Addiction: The Role of Narcissism and Self-Esteem
No full textThe aim of this study was to assess the risk of exercise addiction (EA) in fitness clubs and to identify possible factors in the development of the disorder. The Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) were administered to a sample of 150 consecutive gym attenders recruited in fitness centers. Based on EAI total score, high EA risk group (HEA n = 51) and a low EA risk group (LEA n = 69) were identified. HEA reported significantly higher total score (mean = 20.2 versus 14.6) on the NPI scale and lower total score (mean = 32.2 versus 36.4) on the SEI scale than LEA. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that only narcissism and self-esteem total scores (F=5.66; df=2; P=0.006)weregoodpredictorsofdaysperweekexercise.Thepresentstudyconfirmsthedirectandcombined role of both labile self-esteem and high narcissism in the development of exercise addiction as predictive factors towards the risk of addiction. Multidisciplinary trained health care providers (physiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatrists) should carefully identify potential overexercise conditions in order to prevent the potential risk of exercise addiction
Immunonutrition in human immunodeficiency virus infection : which populations to target?
No full textAumento del peso nelle persone che vivono con infezione da HIV: ritorno al benessere o effetto indesiderato della terapia antiretrovirale? = Weight gain in people living with HIV infection : return to health or adverse event of antiretroviral therapy?
No full textL’aumento di peso in corso di terapia antiretrovirale è stato considerato in passato un evento predittivo di aumentata
sopravvivenza e migliori outcome a lungo termine nelle persone che vivono con infezione da HIV. In epoca recente,
tuttavia, si è assistito ad un incremento della sopravvivenza e ad un aumento dell’invecchiamento e della prevalenza dei fattori di rischio cardiovascolari in questa popolazione, contesto in cui l’aumento di peso non è più considerato univocamente come un effetto benefico della terapia, ma piuttosto come un effetto collaterale non desiderato della stessa. In questa revisione narrativa della letteratura, riassumiamo i principali studi che hanno valutato l’effetto delle moderne terapie antiretrovirali sull’aumento di peso nei pazienti che vivono con infezione da HIV.Weight gain during antiretroviral therapy has been considered a predictive factor for increased survival and
improved long-term outcomes in people living with HIV. In recent times, however, there has been an increase in survival, aging and cardiovascular risk in this population, and weight gain is no longer regarded as a beneficial effect of the therapy, but rather considered an undesired side effect. In this narrative review, we summarize the main studies that have assessed the effect of modern antiretroviral therapies on weight gain and discuss its main implications in patients living with HIV infection
Aripiprazole plus Topiramate in Opioid-Dependent Patients with Schizoaffective Disorder: An 8-Week, Open-Label, Uncontrolled, Preliminary Study
No full text.Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate a combination of aripiprazole and topiramate in the treatment of opioid-dependent patients with schizoaffective disorder undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and, further, to taper off patients from methadone treatment. Methods: Twenty patients who met DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) criteria for opioid dependence and schizoaffective disorder receiving MMT (80mg/day) were given aripiprazole (10mg/day) plus topiramate (up to 200mg/day) for 8 weeks. A methadone dose reduction of 3mg/day until suspension at week 4 was established. Results: Aripiprazole plus topiramate was effective in reducing clinical symptoms, and a rapid tapering off of MMT was achieved. Conclusions: Combining aripiprazole and topiramate may be effective in patients with a dual diagnosis of opioid dependency and schizoaffective disorder
Similar Success Rates but Lower Incidence of Telaprevir-Related Rash in HIV/HCV Coinfected as Compared to HCV-Monoinfected Patients Treated With Triple Anti-HCV Therapy
No full textPsychopharmacotherapy in pregnancy and breastfeeding
No full textIMPORTANCE: Fifteen percent to 20% of pregnant women suffer from mental disorders, and 86% of them are not treated due to potential teratogenic risks for the fetus. Several drugs seem to be safe during pregnancy but knowledge regarding risks of antenatal exposure to drugs is still limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to provide a review of literature, data, and a clinical guideline concerning the treatment and management of mental disorders during pregnancy and lactation. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Bibliographical research was carried out using Medline and Pubmed (from 2005 until 2015) and articles, books and Websites were consulted. RESULTS: Regarding antidepressants, only paroxetine seems to lead to an increased risk of malformations, whereas fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram and venlafaxine do not appear to increase this risk. The use of duloxetine is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage during pregnancy but not with an increased risk of adverse events, such as birth defects. There is no clear evidence of malformation risk associated with the use of antipsychotics, whereas a risk associated with pregnancy and newborn outcome has been detected. All mood stabilizers are associated with risks of birth defects and perinatal complications. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Taking psychoactive drugs is possible during pregnancy, but it is important to consider various effects of the drugs. Future research should focus on prospective and longitudinal studies with an adequate evaluation of confounding variables. This should be followed by long-term studies to obtain accurate measures of child development
Inside–out: the role of anger experience and expression in the development of postpartum mood disorders
No full textPURPOSE: Among negative emotions, anger has not been studied in as much depth in her connection to postpartum mood disorders. The study aimed to investigate the role of anger as a potential vulnerability factor increasing the risk of Maternity Blues (MB) and Postpartum Depression (PPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy underwent the following tests: the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 - STAXI-2 (baseline visit), the Blues Questionnaire -BQ (3 and 5 days after delivery), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale - Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (3 and 6 months following delivery). RESULTS: One hundred ten subjects were included in this study. The prevalence rate of mothers with MB was about 35%, whereas about 4% of women developed a PPD. Significant positive correlations were found among State anger (SANG), Trait anger (TANG), anger expression out (AXO) and in (AXI) and postpartum depressive disorders, as measured by blues questionnaire (BQ) and EPDS. CONCLUSIONS: Anger experience and expression can be considered as vulnerability factors for postpartum mood disorders onset. Particularly, the expression of angry feelings toward other persons or objects in the environment (AXO) predicts the onset of MB, whereas holding in or suppressing angry feelings (AXI) could be a risk factor for subsequent PPD
The effect of lamotrigine augmentation of clozapine in a sample of treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
No full textBased on the evidence that lamotrigine added to clozapine in refractory schizophrenic patients has reported promising results, the present 24-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial had the aim to explore the efficacy of lamotrigine add-on pharmacotherapy on clinical symptomatology and cognitive functioning in a sample of treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine. After clinical and neurocognitive assessments patients were randomly allocated to receive, in a double-blind design, either up to 200 mg/day of lamotrigine or a placebo. A final sample of fifty-one patients completed the study. The results obtained indicate that lamotrigine added to stable clozapine treatment showed a beneficial effect on the negative, positive and general psychopathological symptomatology in a sample of treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. Regarding cognitive functions, improvement was observed in some explored areas, such as attentional resistance to interference, verbal fluency and executive functioning. The findings provide evidence that lamotrigine augmentation of clozapine treatment is well
tolerated and may be proposed as an effective therapeutic strategy to improve outcome in treatment-resistant schizophrenia
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