1,131 research outputs found
Networked innovation in health care: a literature review and research agenda on the interplay of inner and outer contexts of innovation
No full textIn Chapter 10, La Rocca presents a systematic literature review on healthcare innovation, focusing on an examination of the extent to which this research has acknowledged the networked nature of innovation and the inter-relatedness of intra- and inter-organizational innovation processes. The review of the literature shows that research on innovation in healthcare has largely explored the process of translating innovation into local contexts but is also increasingly turning attention to how innovation is spread across organizations. Drawing on the literature review, the author concludes that the understanding of how the interplay of innovation processes at the local level and those outside the organizational boundaries impact the innovation journey in healthcare remains limited. A research agenda on networked innovation in healthcare is outlined
Reconfiguring the relation between primary and secondary healthcare through policy instruments
No full textIn Chapter 7, Araujo, La Rocca and Hoholm examine the role of public policy interventions in reconfiguring the relationship between primary and secondary care sectors and the means through which these interventions take place. Drawing from the “governmentality” school of thought (e.g. Miller and Rose 1990) the focus of this chapter is on how these interventions mobilize different forms of expertise in an attempt to both reconfigure agencies as well as the relations these agencies enter into. The authors suggest that the ability of policy instruments to work depends on the ability of the subjects of government to use the spaces of discretion afforded by their incompleteness, to embed them in existing practices without creating much disruption
Customer-Supplier Relationships in B2B - Interaction Perspective on Actors
No full textThis book explores customer-supplier relationships in B2B markets focusing on interaction between parties. Drawing on three fields of research – studies of relationships in marketing, social interactionism in sociology, and sense-making in social psychology – the author explores the concepts and roles of actors in business relationships and how the behaviour of actors within an interaction affects the development of those relationships. Based on a review of prior research and an original empirical study, the author argues that the presence of continuous close relationships between the customer and supplier organisations bestows features of a business network on B2B markets, with distinct interdependencies and ubiquitous interactions. Exploring buyer-seller interactions, the author contends that actors’ mutually perceived identities – continuously emergent and relationship-specific – are the main factor in the development of business relationships and discusses the implications for management practice and research
Complex Surveys and Economic Data Quality: An Application of Multiple Imputation to Small and Medium Enterprises Survey
No full textIn these last years, the attention given to quality in statistical surveys is increased. With reference to non responses, various imputation techniques have been proposed to fill the dataset. In fact, imputation techniques provide a useful strategy for dealing with data sets with missing values. In this work, after a wide overview on data quality concerns and dimensions, the Author presents the results of an experimentation of missing data simulation to sample data coming from ISTAT survey on Small and Medium Enterprises, Arts and Professions. In particular, three different multiple imputation methods are applied and compared considering their capacity to estimate mean, median and variance population. They are: Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, the propensity score and mixture models. Moreover, the application of these methods is repeated after outlier elimination from dataset and these new results are compared with the previous ones. The comparison highlights how data characteristics influence the final estimates; in fact, for normally distributed data, simplier methods, like MCMC, are sufficient to obtain good results. Otherwise, more complex models, as those based on mixture models, result more adequate
Rilevazioni complesse e qualità dei dati economici: un’applicazione dell’imputazione multipla all’Indagine sulle PMI
No full textL’attenzione alla qualità in ambito statistico è andata sempre più crescendo in questi anni, parallelamente a quanto, del resto, è accaduto in tutte le altre scienze.
Un tale accrescimento dell’attenzione verso la qualità, definito da molti come la quality revolution della società (Biemer e Lyberg, 2003), ha portato a sperimentare forme organizzative innovative, a rivedere, ciascuno nel proprio ambito, il prodotto offerto e a cercare nuovi canali di contatto e di sintonia con l’utenza cui rivolgersi.
In linea del tutto generale, nell’ambito statistico è possibile evidenziare come l’attenzione sia andata sempre più spostandosi dal processo di produzione del dato e dalle sue caratteristiche intrinseche ai bisogni e alla soddisfazione dell’utente finale.
Accanto a questo cambiamento registratosi nell’approccio filosofico al problema, è opportuno ricordare le profonde trasformazioni che si sono verificate nell’uso e nella divulgazione del dato statistico offerte dall’evoluzione delle tecnologie informatiche, che hanno portato all’affermarsi della società dell’informazione: la presenza delle tecnologie di rete ha permesso di distribuire i database e di condividere le risorse in modo esponenziale, aumentando la diversificazione degli utenti, ma aprendo anche la strada alle necessità di utilizzo dei dati più disparate.
Contestualmente, il crescere delle applicazioni statistiche e la sempre maggiore diffusione che i dati statistici stessi hanno avuto con l’avvento delle nuove tecnologie e delle opportunità offerte dalla rete e, più in generale, dalla telematica, è aumentata la produzione di statistiche e del pubblico potenziale, ovvero l’insieme di persone che si affidano ai dati statistici.
Tutto ciò ha prodotto, da una parte, un minore controllo della qualità delle statistiche, data la proliferazione di enti, più o meno accreditati e professionali, che le realizzano; dall’altra è andato sempre crescendo l’impatto che qualsiasi informazione, passata come statistica, può avere sulla comunità in generale.
Nella prima parte del lavoro, pertanto, si indagherà sui diversi aspetti e accezioni di qualità in ambito statistico, focalizzando in particolare l’attenzione sui nuovi strumenti offerti dalla tecnologia e a cui si fa riferimento per assicurare la qualità in ambito statistico e sulle nuove sfide che, a tutt’oggi, restano ancora aperte, ponendo di volta in volta in evidenza la multidisciplinarietà della materia e la complessità delle relazioni e degli aspetti che ne risultano inevitabilmente coinvolti.
Si cercherà, inoltre, di riassumere le tappe fondamentali che hanno condotto, storicamente, alla situazione odierna, tentando di accompagnare tale descrizione teorica con un approccio critico, innovativo, volto ad evidenziare le problematiche, ma, soprattutto, le opportunità in termini di conoscenza che mai come in questi anni si prospettano allo studioso.
La seconda parte del lavoro è dedicata all’approfondimento di un aspetto specifico della qualità, connesso con il problema delle mancate risposte parziali nelle indagini statistiche. Dopo aver esposto la complessità delle cause da cui esse possono originare ed i possibili effetti che esse possono provocare sulle informazioni finali, vengono descritte le tecniche maggiormente adoperate per il loro trattamento, in particolare quelle di imputazione e, nell’ambito delle stesse, l’imputazione multipla, soffermandosi sulle caratteristiche che la rendono tra le più adatte nel trattamento di tali problematiche. Inoltre, vengono approfondite teoricamente le metodologie di imputazione basate sulle catene di Markov secondo il metodo Monte Carlo, sui modelli di misture e sui propensity score. Nella terza parte, viene descritta, nelle sue caratteristiche essenziali, l’Indagine campionaria Istat sulle Piccole e Medie Imprese, esercizio di arti e professioni, sul cui dataset finale si è proceduto con l’applicazione di una sperimentazione delle tecniche di imputazione su indicate, basata su una simulazione di una percentuale pari al 30% di mancate risposte nelle variabili Fatturato e Costo per il Personale secondo un meccanismo Missing At Random rispetto alla dimensione aziendale misurata attraverso il carattere numero di addetti. I risultati ottenuti sono illustrati nella quarta ed ultima parte del lavoro
Un confronto delle performances di alcuni metodi di imputazione multipla: la variabilità delle stime in un’applicazione a dati provenienti da un disegno di campionamento complesso
No full textImputation techniques provides a useful strategy for dealing with data sets with missing values. In this work the Authors present the results of an experimentation of missing data simulation to sample data coming from ISTAT survey on Small and Medium Enterprises, Arts and Professions. In particular, three different multiple imputation methods are compared considering their capacity to estimate mean, median and variance of population
The Scarring Effect of a Prolonged School-to-Work Transition on Young People’s Future Careers and the Influence of Family Background
No full textWithin the EU-27, Italy is one of the countries with the highest levels of inequality and intergenerational transmission of disadvantage. This paper aims to verify the effect that different conditions of vulnerability, such as a low socio-economic family background (SEB) and a prolonged period in the school-work transition, have on individuals’ future careers. The analysis is based on a dataset obtained by matching the EU-SILC data with the administrative archives of the National Institute of Social Security. We measured the determinants of the duration of the waiting time to the first job (STWT). The Cox survival function shows that growing up in a disadvantaged family context strongly increases the probability of longer STWT. We also explore the effects of this duration, combined with the family socio-economic background, on the subsequent ten years of job career. A longer STWT increases the probability of experiencing longer spells of unemployment or inactivity, leading to more precarious working conditions. The relationship is complex and non-linear, with a diminishing negative impact on career stability as STWT duration increases, especially for individuals with high SEB
Analyzing the gender gap in European labour markets at the Nuts -1 level
No full textIn the labour market framework, gender inequalities penalizing women in participation,
remuneration and career still persist almost everywhere, even though there are
remarkable differences between countries. At the EU level, in many cases, the levels of
these gaps also vary within the same country. According to human capital theory, labour
market outcomes should be strongly influenced by the worker’s educational level.
However, the gender gap endures even in countries where women have surpassed men
in education. In this paper, both the aspects of spatial differences (in accordance with
the NUTs 1 districts) and the impact of education on the gender gap in the labour
market are analysed. With this aim, the composite indicator methodology (including
sensitivity analysis involving bootstrap techniques) has been used. The results highlight
the substantial stability of the gap in education within the same country but a strong
variability in the gap in the labour market outcomes within some countries. Adapting
national policies to different regional frameworks could be an efficacious strategy for
closing the gap
NEET Status Duration and Socio-Economic Background
No full textNEET refers to young people who are not in employment, education or training. It can occur in a variety of situations and requires attention, especially if it tends to persist over time. Indeed, individuals who leave education and enter the labor market looking for a job are classified as NEET. While in the majority of cases they tend to move into employment status within a short period of time, in others they remain in this status for longer, with negative consequences for their future career or never enter the labor market. Although the scarring effect of longer spells outside the labor market (for unemployment or inactivity) is well known in the economic literature, empirical evidence on this topic are very limited due to the lack of adequate data needed for this analysis.
This article aims to fill this gap in the literature and is finalized to verify the influence exerted by the socio-economic background of individuals on the likelihood of becoming and remaining for a long time NEET, according to different levels of education. The analysis is based on AD-SILC dataset, obtained by matching the EU-SILC data with the administrative archives of the INPS, the National Institute for Social Security. Our results reveal that individuals with the same level of educational attainment, but from a higher socio-economic status, have a significantly shorter duration in the NEET condition and a higher probability of transitioning to employment. Conversely, individuals with the same level of education show no significant effects if they come from a low socio-economic background
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