1,720,978 research outputs found
Testing of a coupled soil water and heat model under a vegetated surface in Emilia-Romagna (Italy)
No full textCriteria3D is a numerical model that solves equations of surface and subsurface water flow in a three-dimensional
domain. Surface flow is described by the two-dimensional parabolic approximation of the St. Venant equation,
using Manning’s equation of motion; subsurface flow is described by the Richards’ equation for the unsaturated
zone and by Darcy’s law for the saturated zone. Surface and subsurface domain are coupled by means of the
continuity of pressure head so that all governing equations of water flow are simultaneously solved in a single
global matrix. We are currently working on model extensions in order to simulate heat and solutes transfer to
achieve a complete three-dimensional model of water, heat and solutes flow. In this work the heat flow governing
equations are introduced in the model and coupled with the water flow equations. The soil temperature changes
are driven mainly by three mechanisms of heat transfer: conduction, advection, and latent heat transport. All of
these are taken into account explicitely in the model. Isothermal and thermally driven vapor flow is simulated and
incorporated as latent heat flow. Both water and heat equations are solved using an integrated finite difference
formulation. A Criteria3D water flow test on a small catchment is already reported in literature. In this work the
coupled model of water and heat flow is tested, for a one dimensional case study, on a grass field with sandy
loam soil with transitional silty clay loam and silt loam horizons, located in the plain of Bologna (Italy). The
experimental data are collected using water and temperature probes installed at seven different depths
Characterisation of Emilia-Romagna region in relation with late frost risk
No full textThis paper describes a topoclimatic analysis that was carried out during the first year of the DIsGELO project. A climatological study and an orographical analysis were carried out, in order to identify frost-prone areas in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy). The former was used to identify and characterise the frost events in the period March–April 1987–2000 for 161 meteorological stations. A synthetic frost risk index, taking into account both temperatures and phenological conditions (expressed by decade number) was devised. For every station we computed both the synthetic frost risk index and the mean minimum temperature. The analysis of the digital elevation model provided some orographical variables: slope, aspect, absolute and relative altitude above valley bottom, valley width, closeness to the sea, and new variables specifically devised to evaluate surface roughness in the plain areas. Maps were then created for every variable and values were obtained for every station by means of a geographic information system. The study area was divided into two domains, the hill zone and the plain, and for each the correlation between the climatological and orographical variables was computed and geostatistical techniques were applied to create some temperature and frost risk climato- logical maps. For the hills of Emilia-Romagna, a significant correlation was found between the mean minimum temperature during frost events and two orographical factors: the relative altitude above the valley bottom and the closeness to the sea. For the plain no significant correlation was found up to now, probably due to the insufficient detail in the data, so some arbitrary coefficients, based on former practical experience, were added in order to take into account two other orographical factors describing the presence of
hollows and knolls. An exponential relationship between the mean minimum temperature and the synthetic frost index was then
used to obtain a preliminary frost risk map
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Gender-Oriented Mental Health Prevention: A Reappraisal
No full textMany studies have investigated the impact of gender on mental health, but only a few have addressed gender differences in mental health risk and prevention. We conducted a narrative review to assess the current state of knowledge on gender-specific mental health preventive interventions, along with an analysis of gender-based risk factors and available screening strategies. Out of 1598 articles screened using a comprehensive electronic search of the PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, 53 were included for review. Among risk factors for mental health problems, there are individual, familiar, social, and healthcare factors. Individual factors include childhood adversities, which show gender differences in distribution rates. However, current childhood abuse prevention programs are not gender-specific. Familiar factors for mental health problems include maternity issues and intimate partner violence, and for both, some gender-specific preventive interventions are available. Social risk factors for mental health problems are related to education, employment, discrimination, and relationships. They all display gender differences, but these differences are rarely taken into account in mental health prevention programs. Lastly, despite gender differences in mental health service use being widely known, mental health services appear to be slow in developing strategies that guarantee equal access to care for all individuals
An easy diagnostic approach to primary aldosteronism
No full textThe infusion of 40 mEq potassium (aspartate) in 250 ml isotonic 1-fructose at a rate of 20 mEq/h into 5 patients (34–56 years old) with
aldosteronoma and 2 patients with bilateral primary aldosteronism consistently raised their mean arterial pressure by 15–20 mmHg. Their
pressure values returned to the baseline levels 4–5 h after the infusion. In contrast, in controls (10 patients with idiopathic arterial
hypertension, matched for age, sex, and magnitude of the untreated hypertension, and 7 patients with inactive adrenal nodules as incidental
findings on upper abdomen ultrasound or computerized tomography) the same procedure caused negligible arterial pressure changes. The
cause of the rise in blood pressure observed uniquely in patients with primary aldosteronism after infusion of potassium (aspartate) cannot
be accounted for by an increase in plasma aldosterone, blood volume, or plasma angiotensin II. The cause of this response thus remains
obscure; nonetheless, this simple procedure may prove useful in differentiating primary aldosteronism from idiopathic hypertension, in
excluding the adrenal disorder, and in revealing even its mildest form
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
STIMA DELL’EVAPORAZIONE DA SUOLO NUDO MEDIANTE IL MODELLO DI BILANCIO IDRICO CRITERIA
No full textL’evaporazione da terreno nudo è una componente non trascurabile nella stima del bilancio idrico, soprattutto in certi periodi dell’anno oppure in condizioni meteorologiche particolari. Il processo evaporativo è fisicamente molto complesso da quantificare, poiché dipende dalle condizioni meteorologiche, dall’umidità del terreno, e dalle caratteristiche intrinseche del terreno stesso. CRITERIA è un sistema modellistico per la simulazione del terreno agrario, basato sul bilancio idrico. Scopo di questo lavoro è la verifica del modulo evaporativo di CRITERIA con terreno nudo, utilizzando dati provenienti da un esperimento condotto presso l’Università della Californi
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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