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"Breaking the Cycle of Corporal Punishment: Global Evidence and Chilean Community-Level Insights"
Get PDFCorporal punishment (CP) is one of the most common yet under-addressed forms of violence against children worldwide. This three-part paper integrates global, theoretical, and local perspectives to understand what drives the persistence of CP and provides evidence to reduce it effectively.The first study presents a scoping review of 56 parenting programs from 19 countries aiming to reduce CP. Through content analysis and a Random Forest model, we identified seven core components that were consistently present in successful interventions. Emotional regulation for caregivers and cultural adaptation emerged as the strongest predictors of program success, emphasizing the need for interventions that go beyond behavior management to address the emotional and contextual realities of parenting.The second paper focuses on the Chilean context, using nationally representative data from the Encuesta Longitudinal de Primera Infancia (ELPI, 2017; n ≈ 17,000) to examine whether community-level crime is associated with the use of CP by caregivers. A LASSO-based propensity score model was used to adjust for confounding, followed by logistic and multilevel models. While no overall association was found between crime and CP in basic models, multilevel analyses revealed significant geographic variability. A random slope model showed that the effect of crime on CP use differed substantially across comunas, underscoring the importance of place-based dynamics, showing that in some areas, higher crime was associated with increased CP use. In contrast, in others, the relationship was null or even inverse, highlighting the importance of local context.The third paper evaluates the impact of Chile Crece Contigo (ChCC), a universal early childhood support program, on reducing CP. Using observational data from ELPI and an emulated trial design, we applied LASSO for variable selection and built propensity scores to estimate treatment effects. Results indicate that exposure to ChCC was associated with a statistically significant reduction in caregiver-reported use of CP. These findings suggest that universal parenting programs embedded in social protection systems can play a crucial role in violence prevention.Together, these studies underscore that ending corporal punishment requires a multi-level approach: culturally responsive parenting programs, context-sensitive public health analyses, and evidence-based social policy. By integrating global lessons with national insights, this research advances the movement to eliminate violence against children through informed, scalable, and systemic interventions.
El castigo corporal (CC) es una de las formas más comunes pero menos abordadas de violencia contra los niños a nivel mundial. Este documento, compuesto por tres partes, integra perspectivas globales, teóricas y locales para comprender qué impulsa la persistencia del CC y proporciona evidencia para reducirlo de manera efectiva.
El primer estudio presenta una revisión exploratoria de 56 programas de crianza provenientes de 19 países que buscan reducir el uso del CC. A través de un análisis de contenido y un modelo de Random Forest, se identificaron siete componentes clave presentes de forma consistente en las intervenciones exitosas. La regulación emocional de los cuidadores y la adaptación cultural surgieron como los predictores más sólidos del éxito de los programas, lo que enfatiza la necesidad de intervenciones que vayan más allá del manejo conductual y aborden las realidades emocionales y contextuales de la crianza.
El segundo artículo se centra en el contexto chileno, utilizando datos representativos a nivel nacional de la Encuesta Longitudinal de Primera Infancia (ELPI, 2017; n ≈ 17.000) para examinar si el nivel de criminalidad comunitaria se asocia con el uso de CC por parte de los cuidadores. Se utilizó un modelo de puntaje de propensión basado en LASSO para ajustar por factores de confusión, seguido de modelos logísticos y multinivel. Si bien en los modelos básicos no se encontró una asociación global entre crimen y CC, los análisis multinivel revelaron una variabilidad geográfica significativa. Un modelo con pendiente aleatoria mostró que el efecto del crimen sobre el uso de CC varía sustancialmente entre comunas, lo que resalta la importancia de las dinámicas locales. En algunas comunas, una mayor criminalidad se asoció con un aumento en el uso del CC, mientras que en otras, la relación fue nula o incluso inversa, evidenciando la relevancia del contexto local.
El tercer estudio evalúa el impacto de Chile Crece Contigo (ChCC), un programa universal de apoyo a la primera infancia, en la reducción del uso del CC. Utilizando datos observacionales de la ELPI y un diseño de ensayo emulado, se aplicó LASSO para la selección de variables y se construyeron puntajes de propensión para estimar los efectos del tratamiento. Los resultados indican que la exposición al ChCC se asoció con una reducción estadísticamente significativa en el uso del CC reportado por los cuidadores. Estos hallazgos sugieren que los programas de crianza universales, integrados en sistemas de protección social, pueden desempeñar un rol clave en la prevención de la violencia.
En conjunto, estos estudios subrayan que eliminar el castigo corporal requiere un enfoque multinivel: programas de crianza culturalmente pertinentes, análisis de salud pública sensibles al contexto, y políticas sociales basadas en evidencia. Al integrar lecciones globales con conocimientos nacionales, esta investigación aporta al movimiento para erradicar la violencia contra la niñez mediante intervenciones informadas, escalables y sistémicas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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