524 research outputs found
The Post Office Horizon system and Seema Misra
No full textThe author highlights the significance of the Seema Misra case in raising questions about the reliablity of the Post Office Horizon system and more widely suggesting that all digital systems have the possibility of latent defects, and these can never be discounted. He argues that when the efficacy of digital systems is called into question in legal proceedings, the onus of proof must be placed on the supplier of these systems and not the accuser.Index words: Post Office; Horizon; prosecutions; software errors; disclosure Full transcript of the trial Regina v Seema Misra, T2009007 (England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers) with case commentary and index to original papers held in the Documents Supplement of Volume 12: 2015
Erratum: Myocardial ischaemia and valve insufficiency caused by a dysplastic aortic valve cusp: A previously unreported unique morphologic anomaly (Cardiology in the Young (2020) (1-4) DOI: 10.1017/S1047951120001377)
No full text© The Author(s), 2020. The authors apologise that upon publication of this case report an author was left off. The online version of this article has been updated to list the authors correctly. Sharmeen Samuel, Preeta Dhanantwari, Nilanjana Misra, and David B. Meyer
Symmetry breaking during homodimeric assembly activates an E3 ubiquitin ligase
No full textCitation: Ye, Z., Needham, P. G., Estabrooks, S. K., Whitaker, S. K., Garcia, B. L., Misra, S., . . . Camacho, C. J. (2017). Symmetry breaking during homodimeric assembly activates an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01880-4C-terminus of Hsc/p70-Interacting Protein (CHIP) is a homodimeric E3 ubiquitin ligase.Each CHIP monomer consists of a tetratricopeptide-repeat (TPR), helix-turn-helix (HH), and U-box domain.In contrast to nearly all homodimeric proteins, CHIP is asymmetric.To uncover the origins of asymmetry, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of dimer assembly.We determined that a CHIP monomer is most stable when the HH domain has an extended helix that supports intra-monomer TPR-U-box interaction, blocking the E2-binding surface of the U-box.We also discovered that monomers first dimerize symmetrically through their HH domains, which then triggers U-box dimerization.This brings the extended helices into close proximity, including a repulsive stretch of positively charged residues.Unable to smoothly unwind, this conflict bends the helices until the helix of one protomer breaks to relieve the repulsion.The abrupt snapping of the helix forces the C-terminal residues of the other protomer to disrupt that protomer's TPR-U-box tight binding interface, swiftly exposing and activating one of the E2 binding sites.Mutagenesis and biochemical experiments confirm that C-terminal residues are necessary both to maintain CHIP stability and function.This novel mechanism indicates how a ubiquitin ligase maintains an inactive monomeric form that rapidly activates only after asymmetric assembly. © 2017 The Author(s)
Physical activity patterns among South-Asian adults: a systematic review
No full textPhysical activity (PA) has many beneficial physical and mental health effects. Physical inactivity is considered the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. At present there are no systematic reviews on PA patterns among South Asian adults residing in the region. The present study aims to systematically evaluate studies on PA patterns in South Asian countries. A five-staged comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in Medline, Web of Science and SciVerse Scopus using keywords ‘Exercise’, ‘Walking’, ‘Physical activity’, ‘Inactivity’, ‘Physical Activity Questionnaire’, ‘International Physical Activity Questionnaire’, ‘IPAQ’, ‘Global Physical Activity Questionnaire’ and ‘GPAQ’, combined with individual country names. The search was restricted to English language articles conducted in humans and published before 31st December 2012. To obtain additional data a manual search of the reference lists of articles was performed. Data were also retrieved from the search of relevant web sites and online resources. The total number of hits obtained from the initial search was 1,771. The total number of research articles included in the present review is eleven (India-8, Sri Lanka-2, Pakistan-1). In addition, eleven country reports (Nepal-3, Bangladesh-2, India-2, Sri Lanka-2, Bhutan-1, Maldives-1) of World Health Organization STEPS survey from the South-Asian countries were retrieved online. In the research articles the overall prevalence of inactivity was as follows; India (18.5%-88.4%), Pakistan (60.1%) and Sri Lanka (11.0%-31.8%). STEPS survey reports were available from all countries except Pakistan. Overall in majority of STEPS surveys females were more inactive compared to males. Furthermore, leisure related inactivity was >75% in studies reporting inactivity in this domain and people were more active in transport domain when compared with the other domains. In conclusion, our results show that there is a wide variation in the prevalence of physical inactivity among South-Asian adults within and between countries. Furthermore, physical inactivity in South Asian adults was associated with several socio-demographic characteristics. Majority of South Asian adults were inactive during their leisure time. These Factors need to be considered when planning future interventions and research aimed at improving PA in the region
Parallel session 9 : Institutional management
No full textPresented Titles: Living in Uncertainty: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Higher Education in Hong Kong [Authors: Jisun Jung; Hugo Horta; Gerard A. Postiglione] Internalisation of China’s Higher Education and It’s Development Model [Author: Rochester Lima] Unprepared Cost of Survival: Revisiting Academic Returnees’ Cross-border Capital and Cultural Adaptation in Shanghai Universities [Authors: Jiaxin Chen; Xiaoxin Du] Us and Them: How Regions Shape the Boundaries of Elite Higher Education? [Author: Debananda Misra
Supporting Cyber-Physical Systems with Wireless Sensor Networks: An Outlook of Software and Services
No full textSensing, communication, computation and control technologies are the essential building blocks of a cyber-physical system (CPS). Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a way to support CPS as they provide fine-grained spatial-temporal sensing, communication and computation at a low premium of cost and power. In this article, we explore the fundamental concepts guiding the design and implementation of WSNs. We report the latest developments in WSN software and services for meeting existing requirements and newer demands; particularly in the areas of: operating system, simulator and emulator, programming abstraction, virtualization, IP-based communication and security, time and location, and network monitoring and management. We also reflect on the ongoing
efforts in providing dependable assurances for WSN-driven CPS. Finally, we report on its applicability with a case-study on smart buildings
The global burden of diabetes-related chronic kidney disease from 1990 to 2021, with predictions of incidence to 2036
No full textAim: diabetes-related chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of both CKD and end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to examine updated global trends in the burden of diabetes-related CKD from 1990 to 2021, stratified by location, age, and sex.Methods: using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 dataset, we quantified the burden of CKD worldwide, including prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).Results: from 1990 to 2021, global surveillance revealed a persistent increase in the burden of diabetes-related CKD, with age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) rising significantly across socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles. Forecasted ASIR for type 2 diabetes-related CKD (T2D-CKD) shows a consistent pattern of escalation, whereas type 1 diabetes-related CKD (T1D-CKD) is expected to decrease from 2021 to 2036. Across all SDI quintiles, ASIR for diabetes-related CKD increased progressively, with high-SDI regions showing the highest rates. Moreover, the global DALY burden peaked in the 50-54 age group for T1D-CKD and in the 65-69 age group for T2D-CKD in the Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania super-region. Overall, the burden of diabetes-related CKD was higher in males, while the prevalence of T1D-CKD was higher in females.Conclusion: the global burden of diabetes-related CKD increased substantially between 1990 and 2021 across diverse geographic regions. Target strategies are urgently needed to reduce the burden of diabetes-related CKD and address this growing public health challenge.<br/
Prevention of Diabetes: Countless Opportunities and Clear Challenges
No full text Prevention of diabetes poses significant challenges; especially when applied as public health intervention. While several trials, most importantly Diabetes Prevention Program, show that intensive lifestyle modification leading to weight loss is the most important intervention, many individuals and some populations may show resistance to these interventions. Roadblocks to lifestyle intervention alone or in combination include: age, some ethnic groups (e.g., south Asians), genetic make-up, and some characteristics of body phenotype. Recent data show that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease along with insulin resistance may constitute ‘metabolically unhealthy phenotype’. These subgroups would need more intensive interventions to convert prediabetes to normal glucose regulation. Whether ‘fatty pancreas’ and sarcopenia, latter more often seen in Asian Indians and with advancing age, are other phenotypes requiring intensive and different interventions (e.g., more resistance exercise in latter) remains to be researched. Further, variations in dietary quality (Mediterranean diet enriched with extra virgin olive oil, high-protein diets) without changing much of calories, provide attractive options for intervention. Many of such innovations require more research. Translation of lessons from diabetes prevention studies to general population is daunting but possible. However, such community-based interventions need substantial human and material resources, which pose hurdles in underserved populations and developing countries. In such situations, low-cost modalities, for example, use of trained community educators and digital and social media, constitute attractive approaches. </jats:p
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