1,721,014 research outputs found
The optimal pricing strategy for an insurer when risk preferences are stochastically distributed
Get PDFThe present paper analyzes the demand for insurance when the insurer has incomplete information about types of potential customers. We assume that customers´ risk preferences cannot be distinguished by the insurer. Therefore, the standard result in insurance economics that the insurer discriminates perfectly in prices cannot be applied. Instead, the present article examines the optimal pricing rule for an insurer faced with stochastic distribution of risk preferences. Within this general model framework, we show that an optimal strategy always exists. Both fixed and proportionate premium loadings (relative to expected loss) are considered. -- Der vorliegende Artikel analysiert die optimale Prämienpolitik eines Versicherers bei stochastischer Verteilung der Nachfragertypen auf Basis einer Preis-Absatz-Funktion. Dem Versicherer ist hier lediglich die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung der individuellen Nachfragertypen bekannt und eine üblicherweise postulierte vollständige Preisdiskriminierung des Versicherers ist daher nicht möglich. Die allgemeine Preis-Absatz-Funktion des Versicherers variiert in Abhängigkeit der verwendeten Modellparameter. Wir zeigen, dass in diesem allgemeinen Modellrahmen stets eine optimale Preispolitik des Versicherers existiert. Dabei wird in Bezug auf den aktuariell fairen Wert der Police sowohl ein fixer als auch ein proportionaler Prämienzuschlag des Versicherers berücksichtigt.insurance demand,optimal insurance pricing,stochastically distributed risk preferences
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Intermediation, compensation and tacit collusion in insurance markets
Get PDFRecent events involving major insurance companies and insurance brokerage firms highlight substantial incentive problems in commercial and reinsurance markets where intermediation takes place. We show that in markets with informed as well as uninformed consumers and heterogeneous risk profiles intermediation has the potential to improve social welfare. However, since intermediation reduces insurers’ market power, incentives for tacit collusion are higher compared to markets without intermediation. A controversial matter in the discussion concerning insurance intermediation is the issue of compensation customs. Our analysis provides explanations for the counterintuitive observation that brokers are usually compensated by insurance companies. The rationale for the latter is the fact that a fee paid by uninformed consumers limits the insurers’ ability to extract rents from informed consumers. -- Aktuelle Ereignisse in der deutschen und der US-amerikanischen Industrieversicherung deuten nachhaltige Anreizprobleme in der Beziehung zwischen Anbietern, Nachfragern und den beteiligten Versicherungsvermittlern an. In den USA wurde dem weltgrößten Versicherungsmakler Marsh & McLennan vorgeworfen, Industrieversicherungsverträge bewusst zu schlechteren Konditionen bzw. zu überhöhten Preisen vermittelt und im Gegenzug unverhältnismäßig hohe erfolgsabhängige Provisionen erhalten zu haben. In Deutschland verhängte das Bundeskartellamt sowohl im März 2005 als auch im September 2005 Bußgelder in Höhe von 150 Mio. Euro gegen 17 führende Industrieversicherer und deren Vorstände. Die beteiligten Industrieversicherungsunternehmen wurden unter anderem beschuldigt, seit 1999 Versicherungsbedingungen und -preise gemeinschaftlich verabredet zu haben. Im Fokus unseres Beitrages stehen unter anderem die folgenden Fragestellungen: Welchen Einfluss haben Vermittler auf Wettbewerbsintensität und Wohlfahrt in Versicherungsmärkten? Wie lassen sich Anreize zur Anbieterkollusion im Bereich der Industrieversicherung erklären? Welche Vorteile hat die vorherrschende Provisionierung, bei welcher der Vermittler vom Versicherer bezahlt wird, gegenüber einer Beratungsgebühr, die der beauftragende Kunde entrichtet? Die zuvor beschriebenen Forschungsfragen werden in einem modifizierten Hotelling-Oligopolmodell untersucht. Im betrachteten Versicherungsmarkt fragen sowohl informierte als auch uninformierte Nachfragergruppen mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Risikoprofilen Versicherungsprodukte nach. Die zentralen Modellergebnisse, die anhand des aktuellen Kartellverfahrens gegen deutsche Industrieversicherungsunternehmen verdeutlicht werden, lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: Die Existenz von Vermittlern führt in Versicherungsmärkten mit teilweise uninformierten Nachfragern einerseits zu Wohlfahrtsgewinnen und erhöht andererseits den Wettbewerbsdruck auf die Anbieter. Infolgedessen steigen die Anreize zur Kollusion auf der Anbieterseite. Aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht ist die Wahl des Entlohnungssystems auf einem Konkurrenzmarkt im gewählten Modell irrelevant, wenn eine Falschberatung von uninformierten Kunden ausgeschlossen ist. Die Teilnehmer des Anbieterkartells können in einem Provisionierungssystem höhere Konsumentenrenten abschöpfen als in einem Vergütungssystem mit Beratungsgebühr.insurance,brokerage,collusion,compensation,information
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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