73 research outputs found
A systematic review and evaluation of measures for suicidal ideation and behaviors in population-based research
No full textAbstract not availablePhilip J. Batterham, Maria Ftanou, Jane Pirkis, Jacqueline L. Brewer, Andrew J. Mackinnon, Annette Beautrais, A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt, Helen Christense
sj-docx-1-anp-10.1177_00048674211064183 – Supplemental material for The association between alcohol use disorder and suicidal ideation in a New Zealand birth cohort
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-anp-10.1177_00048674211064183 for The association between alcohol use disorder and suicidal ideation in a New Zealand birth cohort by Rose Crossin, Lana Cleland, Geraldine FH McLeod, Annette Beautrais, Katrina Witt and Joseph M Boden in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry</p
Youth Suicide
No full textYouth suicide rates have increased markedly in New Zealand during the last three decades and are now among the highest in the developed world. Major risk factors for suicidal behaviour include: psychiatric illness (notably, depressive disorders, substance abuse disorders and antisocial behaviours) previous suicide attempts and comorbid diagnoses of more than one mental disorder; exposure to adverse childhood and family experiences; social disadvantage; borderline and antisocial personality disorders; genetic and biologic factors. The best hope for substantial reduction in youth suicide rates may lie in reducing the number of young people with mental disorders. There is substantial scope for schools to participate in inter-sectoral efforts to promote and improve youth mental health in order to reduce vulnerability to mental disorders associated with suicidal behaviour.</jats:p
Prevention of Suicide and Suicidal Behaviour in Adolescents (Protocol)
No full textAt head of title: Intervention Protocol
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There is a more recent & current version of this article published: Article first published online: 3 Dec 2015 | DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007322.pub2 Primary prevention of suicide and suicidal behaviour for adolescents in school settings Emily Macleod, Shyamala Nada-Raja, Annette Beautrais, Roger Shave, Vanessa Jorda
Can sports events affect suicidal behavior? A review of the literature and implications for prevention
No full textBackground: Engagement in sports and physical activity, either actively as an athlete or in a passive way as a spectator, impacts interpersonal behavior and physical and mental health. Aims: The study reviews literature on the relationship between sports spectatorship and suicidal behavior to ascertain whether sports spectatorship has an impact on suicidal behavior, either increasing the risk or being a protective factor. Methods: The literature was searched via PubMed/MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Nine studies published between 1986 and 2006 were identified. Results: The reviewed studies focused on the impact of sports events on the societal level, and analyzed data regarding national or local suicide rates. Their results indicate that sports events can have an impact on suicide mortality and morbidity, but this relationship seems to be mediated by age, gender, marital status, and alcohol consumption, as well as the process and outcome of the game (e.g., victory vs. defeat of the favored team). Conclusions: There is some evidence that sports events can reduce the rates of suicide on the societal level; however, there is a lack of studies exploring how sports spectatorship might influence levels of suicide risk in individuals and how mediating variables might operate on the individual level
Alcohol and other contextual factors of suicide in four aboriginal communities of Quebec, Canada
No full textBackground: Aboriginal populations worldwide face increasing rates of suicide. Despite this recurring observation, little research has emerged from Aboriginal settings. Aims: This paper describes the psychosocial and behavioral characteristics of 30 consecutive adult suicides from four First-Nations communities in Quebec, Canada. Method: Psychological autopsies guided by the LEDS with family members of the deceased. Results: Suicide among this group is overrepresented by young single men. Alcohol intoxication at the time of death was reported for 22 cases in association with rapid acting out after the precipitating event for 20. All but two cases had a history of alcohol abuse, and drug use was also present in 23 cases. In 16 cases there had been a previous suicide attempt, 14 of which occurred during the previous year. Themain socio-demographic characteristics of the communities were overcrowded living arrangements and no job status (90%). Seven cases were incarcerated or locked up at the time of death. Clustering of suicide was observed within seven nuclear families including 16 suicides. Conclusion: This study shows that Aboriginal suicide is the result of a complex interweaving of individual, familial, and socio-historical variables. The impact of contemporary social stressors on individual well-being must be addressed to prevent suicide in this community
The ethics of fiction: Representations of New Zealand history in the poetry of Chris Tse and Airini Beautrais, and how an author's sense of self affects the story
No full textThe landscape of contemporary literature and film is saturated with interpretations of recorded histories and events. We have passed them down through generations—orally at first, written recordings when we had the comprehension and means to do so—each representation changed a little bit more by the time it reached us. But contemporary literature also draws from recent history, helping both reader and author to understand the contexts in which they exist. The resulting texts inform, and in turn are informed by, our cultures, ethnicities, religions, values, geography—all contributors to the sense of self with which we interpret fact and fiction.
This thesis looks at the representations of events within New Zealand history found in the poetry of Chris Tse and Airini Beautrais, considering these events through the specific lens of each author’s culture and identity. From the murder of Joe Kum Yung in 1905 and the death of anarchist Neil Roberts in 1982 to the multi-layered history of the Whanganui region, each collection illustrates how an author’s sense of self can alter history. Tse’s How to be Dead in a Year of Snakes and Beautrais’ Dear Neil Roberts and Flow: Whanganui River Poems are examples of the impact of an author’s voice on historical fact, and reinforce a need for accuracy in the poetry genre in the context of New Zealand history and literature. As poet James Brown asks: is verse the future of history
Serious suicide attempts in young people : a case control study
No full textxvi, 280, 72, [41] leaves :ill. ; 30 cm. +2 booklets. Includes bibliographical references. "April, 1996"Risk factors for serious suicide attempts among young people were examined in a case control study in which a consecutive series of 129 young people aged 13 to 24 years who made serious suicide attempts was compared with 153 control subjects selected randomly from the community.
Review of the literature suggested five domains of risk factors were likely to contribute to suicide attempt risk: social and demographic factors; family background and childhood experiences; personality traits; psychiatric disorder; environmental factors, including, particularly, life events.
Case control analyses confirmed the contribution of these risk factor domains to suicide attempt risk and suggested that those at increased risk of serious suicide attempt included:
1. Individuals who lacked formal educational qualifications and were of low socio-economic status.
2. Young people who reported higher rates of childhood and family adversity including childhood sexual abuse, poor parental relationships during childhood and parental alcohol problems during childhood.
3. Individuals with significantly higher scores on measures of neuroticism and hopelessness.
4. Individuals characterised by the presence of psychiatric morbidity, including, in particular, affective disorders and substance use disorders, within the month prior to the suicide attempt.
5. Those characterised by higher rates of reported life events including, particularly, interpersonal or legal problems.
These findings were established using data gathered from self reports and reports provided by a parallel informant (a significant other) thus reducing risks that results could be attributed to recall bias.
In general, the findings of this study suggest a life course model of suicide attempt risk in which the aetiology of suicide attempts is multicausal and reflects an accumulation of adverse factors and influences including: social disadvantage; childhood and family adversity; personality difficulties; psychiatric disorders and exposure to adverse life events. Of those making suicide attempts, 65.9% had risk factors from four or more of the five risk factor domains and it was estimated that those reporting a total of five or more risk factors had odds of serious suicide attempt which were over 120 times higher than those with an absence of risk factors. The findings from statistical analysis of risk factor data were generally consistent with the themes evident from qualitative examination of case history material.
The major contribution of this study is to provide an account of the ways in which multiple risk factors combine over an individual's life course to influence risks of serious suicide attempt. Parallel to these findings there are a number of possible opportunities for interventions to reduce suicide attempt risk in young people. These intervention opportunities include: macro-social approaches including reduction in social inequities, reduction of unemployment and restriction of access to methods of suicide; targeted early intervention and family support programmes aimed at improving the life circumstances of those at high risk of psychosocial disorders; school based programmes aimed at fostering good mental health among young people, and programmes to educate teachers to recognise and refer students at risk for suicide; improved recognition and treatment of adolescent mental health problems, particularly of affective disorders and substance use disorders
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