366 research outputs found
Ombrotrophic Peat Bogs Are Not Suited as Natural Archives To Investigate the Historical Atmospheric Deposition of Perfluoroalkyl Substances
No full textAs ombrotrophic peat bogs receive only atmospheric input of contaminants, they have been identified as suitable natural archives for investigating historical depositions of airborne pollutants. To elucidate their suitability for determining the historical atmospheric contamination with perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), two peat cores were sampled at Mer Bleue, a bog located close to Ottawa, Canada. Peat cores were segmented, dried, and analyzed in duplicate for 25 PFASs (5 perfluororalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), 13 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), 7 perfluororalkyl sulfonamido substances). Peat samples were extracted by ultrasonication, cleaned up using a QuEChERS method, and PFASs were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Twelve PFCAs and PFSAs were detected regularly in peat samples with perfluorooctane sulfonate (85-655 ng kg-1), perfluorooctanoate (150-390 ng kg-1), and perfluorononanoate (45-320 ng kg-1) at highest concentrations. Because of post depositional relocation processes within the peat cores, true or unbiased deposition fluxes (i.e., not affected by post depositional changes) could not be calculated. Apparent or biased deposition rates (i.e., affected by post depositional changes) were lower than measured/calculated deposition rates for similar urban or near-urban sites. Compared to PFAS production, PFAS concentration and deposition maxima were shifted about 30 years toward the past and some analytes were detected even in the oldest segments from the beginning of the 20th century. This was attributed to PFAS mobility in the peat profile. Considerable differences were observed between both peat cores and different PFASs. Overall, this study demonstrates that ombrotrophic bogs are not suited natural archives to provide authentic and reliable temporal trend data of historical atmospheric PFAS deposition. © 2012 American Chemical Society
Perfluorinated compounds in marine surface waters: data from the Baltic Sea and methodological challenges for future studies
No full text
Environmental context.Perfluorinated compounds are man-made chemicals of emerging environmental concern because of their global distribution in water, air and biota. We investigate the distribution of these chemicals in surface water of the Baltic Sea, a unique ecosystem and the world’s largest body of brackish water. The observed contamination was of the same order of magnitude as classical persistent organic pollutants in the world’s oceans, and decreased with lower population density in the Baltic Sea catchments.
Abstract.Poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are chemicals of emerging environmental concern. Except for very few coastal sites, PFC contamination of the Baltic Sea has not been investigated. In order to assess the PFC contamination of Baltic Sea water and evaluate the spatial distribution of PFCs, 74 surface water samples from the entire Baltic Sea were taken during two sampling campaigns in the summer of 2008 and analysed for PFCs. Of 40 analysed PFCs, 13 were detected at concentrations below 1 ng L–1, which indicates a rather low PFC contamination of Baltic Sea surface water. Usually, PFOA was the analyte observed in highest concentrations followed by PFNA, PFBS, and PFOS. PFC concentrations decreased from the Kattegat to the Bothnian Bay and the Gulf of Finland, reflecting the decreasing population density and thus the potential contamination in corresponding catchments or the decreasing influence of potentially contaminated North Sea water.
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Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in alpine snow
No full textThe occurrence and temporal variation of 18 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the European Alps was investigated in a 10 m shallow firn core from Colle Gnifetti in the Monte Rosa Massif (4455 m above sea level). The firn core encompasses the years 1997-2007. Firn core sections were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (PFASs) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PBDEs). We detected 12 PFASs and 8 PBDEs in the firn samples. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA; 0.3-1.8 ng L(-1)) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; 0.2-0.6 ng L(-1)) were the major PFASs while BDE 99 (<MQL-4.5 ng L(-1)) and BDE 47 (n.d.-2.6 ng L(-1)) were the major PBDEs. This study demonstrates the occurrence of PFASs and PBDEs in the European Alps and provides the first evidence that PFASs compositions may be changing to PFBA-dominated compositions
Johannes Dreyer (1500–1544) – Die Hervormer van Herford
No full textDuring 2017, churches with roots in the 16th century Reformation look back at five centuries of reformed Christianity. Much attention is given to important leaders of the Reformation such as Luther and Calvin. However, there are many forgotten ‘heroes’ who will receive no accolades, nor will they be mentioned in any publication. In this contribution the author tells the story of dr Johannes Dreyer, the forgotten reformer of Herford in Westphalia (Germany). After giving some biographical and contextual information, Dreyer’s church order, which was published in 1534 in Wittenberg, is discussed in terms of language, structure and theological content. The conclusion is reached that the implementation of new church orders were an integral part of the reformation process as well as applying reformed doctrine to the practical situation of churches
Johannes Dreyer (1500–1544) – die Hervormer van Herford
No full textDuring 2017, churches with roots in the 16th century Reformation look back at five centuries
of reformed Christianity. Much attention is given to important leaders of the Reformation such
as Luther and Calvin. However, there are many forgotten ‘heroes’ who will receive no
accolades, nor will they be mentioned in any publication. In this contribution the author tells
the story of dr Johannes Dreyer, the forgotten reformer of Herford in Westphalia (Germany).
After giving some biographical and contextual information, Dreyer’s church order, which was
published in 1534 in Wittenberg, is discussed in terms of language, structure and theological
content. The conclusion is reached that the implementation of new church orders were an
integral part of the reformation process as well as applying reformed doctrine to the practical
situation of churches.http://www.hts.org.zaam2017Church History and Church Polic
Atmospheric Distribution and Seasonality of Airborne Polyfluorinated Compounds: Spatial and Temporal Concentration Variations from Ship-and Land-Based Measurements in Northern Germany, the Atlantic Ocean, and Polar Regions
No full textInfluence of the tip gap size on the development of the tip-leakage vortex using Large Eddy Simulations
No full textIn hydraulic turbines, the tip-leakage vortex is responsible for flow instabilities and for promoting erosion due to cavitation. To better understand the flow in the tip region, LES computations are carried out to compute the flow around a NACA0009 blade including the gap between the tip and the wall. The influence of the gap size is investigated by computing two gap widths. The validation of the results is performed by comparisons with experimental data. The simulations are also used to investigate the flow in the tip gap region. Depending on the gap width, the vortex flow topology differs from one case to the other. At large gap widths, the tip-leakage vortex merges with the tip-separation vortex. On the contrary, at small gap widths, the tip-leakage vortex move upward and no tip-separation vortex is clearly identified. Part of these observations are validated by comparisons with experimental visualizations of the cavitating tip-leakage vortex
After Constantine\u27s Sword: The Past, Present, and Future of Jewish-Christian Relations
No full textAn Interfaith Conversation with award-winning author: James Carroll. With responses by: Dr. Ellen M. Umansky, Carl and Dorothy Bennett Professor of Judaic Studies and Dr. Elizabeth A. Dreyer, Professor of Religious Studies. Also participating: Bill Huselman \u2798; M.T.S. Harvard Divinity School, \u2701.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/bennettcenter-posters/1216/thumbnail.jp
The Transcendental Style of Carl Theodor Dreyer in the Context of Auteur Theory
No full textOvaj rad istražuje opus danskog redatelja Carla Theodora Dreyera kroz spoj autorske teorije i
pojma transcendentnog stila. Oslanjajući se na analizu Paula Schradera u djelu
Transcendentni stil na filmu: Ozu, Bresson i Dreyer (1972), autorovo stvaralaštvo obrađeno je
iz perspektive autorske teorije kao krucijalnog modela promišljanja i sintetiziranja autorove
poetike, tema kojima se bavio, kao i formalnih rješenja koja se podudaraju ili odstupaju od
Schraderovih teza. U tom kontekstu, kao drugi najvažniji oslonac rada poslužilo je djelo The
Films of Carl-Theodor Dreyer (1981) Davida Bordwella, koje nudi širu sliku Dreyerovih
autorskih preokupacija i specifičnog stila koji je razvio kroz svoj opus. Nakon elaboriranja
teorijskog polazišta (autorske teorije i transcendentnog stila), rad istražuje autorske uzorke,
kao i njihove varijacije kroz analizu ključnih filmova – od tragova transcendentnog stila u
ranim filmovima koji kulminiraju u Stradanju Ivane Orleanske (1928) pa sve do posljednjeg
redateljevog ostvarenja Gertrud (1964). Rad razmatra formalne značajke poput krupnog
plana, tabloa, otklona od klasičnog narativnog stila montažnim, dramaturškim i
mizanscenskim postupcima, koje tvore Dreyerov jedinstveni stil. Usporedbom s
transcendentnim stilom, kako ga definira Schrader, zaključuje se da Dreyerova poetika koristi
elemente religijskog i duhovnog diskursa, ali samo kao dijelove njegovog filmskog izričaja.
Dreyer je tako autor koji potiče na promišljanje kanona, kao i strogo određenih kategorija
filmske povijesti. Time se otvara prostor za preispitivanje postojećih modela filmske
historiografije.This thesis explores the oeuvre of Danish director Carl Theodor Dreyer through the
intersection of auteur theory and the concept of the transcendental style. Relying on Paul
Schrader’s analysis in Transcendental Style in Film: Ozu, Bresson, Dreyer (1972), Dreyer’s
work is examined from the perspective of auteur theory as a crucial model for interpreting and
synthesizing the director’s poetics, his recurring themes, and the formal strategies that either
correspond to or deviate from Schrader’s theses. Within this framework, the second key
reference point of the thesis is David Bordwell’s The Films of Carl-Theodor Dreyer (1981),
which offers a broader view of Dreyer’s authorial preoccupations and the specific style he
developed throughout his career. After outlining the theoretical foundations of the study
(auteur theory and the transcendental style), the thesis investigates recurring authorial patterns
and their variations through an analysis of Dreyer’s key films. From traces of the
transcendental style in his early works culminating in The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928) to his
final film Gertrud (1964). The analysis considers formal features such as the close-up, tableau
composition, and deviations from classical narrative style through editing, dramaturgy, and
mise-en-scène, all of which constitute Dreyer’s unique cinematic language. By comparing
Dreyer’s work with the transcendental style as defined by Schrader, the thesis concludes that
Dreyer’s poetics simultaneously draw upon elements of religious and spiritual discourse, yet
employ them only as elements of his broader cinematic expression. Dreyer thus emerges as an
author who challenges canonical boundaries as well as rigid categories of film history,
opening a space for rethinking existing models of film historiography
PALOMERA ERA Wide Survey Dataset
No full textDreyer M, Tummes J-P, Graham S. PALOMERA ERA Wide Survey Dataset. Bielefeld University; 2024.This dataset was created as part of the PALOMERA survey on open access policies for books in the European research area (focusing on the needs, obstacles and challenges of policy-making for open access books).
Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. </div
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