1,721,039 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Presenilin function in APP processing
No full textFamilial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is now linked to at least three genes encoding the amyloid precursor protein (APP) on chromosome 21, and presenilin 1 and 2 on chromosome 14 and 1, respectively. FAD cases in whom presenilin mutations occur are more frequent than those with APP mutations. However, altogether they only account for approximately 0.1% of all the people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD),(1) and the causes of the remaining 99.9% of the sporadic form of AD or senile dementia remain unknown. Since FAD presents with the same neuropathological features as sporadic AD, i.e., cognitive impairments and the amyloid plaques and tangles in the brain, our working hypothesis is that similar molecular pathogenic mechanisms underly both sporadic and familial AD. It follows that APP and the presenilins must be key players in the disease. Detailed knowledge about the cell biology of these proteins will be a rich source of insight into the pathology of AD, but will also shed light on the fundamental neurobiology of these proteins
Presenilin function in APP processing
No full textFamilial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is now linked to at least three genes encoding the amyloid precursor protein (APP) on chromosome 21, and presenilin 1 and 2 on chromosome 14 and 1, respectively. FAD cases in whom presenilin mutations occur are more frequent than those with APP mutations. However, altogether they only account for approximately 0.1% of all the people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD),(1) and the causes of the remaining 99.9% of the sporadic form of AD or senile dementia remain unknown. Since FAD presents with the same neuropathological features as sporadic AD, i.e., cognitive impairments and the amyloid plaques and tangles in the brain, our working hypothesis is that similar molecular pathogenic mechanisms underly both sporadic and familial AD. It follows that APP and the presenilins must be key players in the disease. Detailed knowledge about the cell biology of these proteins will be a rich source of insight into the pathology of AD, but will also shed light on the fundamental neurobiology of these proteins
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Implication of APP secretases in notch signaling
No full textSignaling via notch receptors and their ligands is an evolutionary ancient and highly conserved mechanism governing cell-fate decisions throughout the animal kingdom. Upon ligand binding, notch receptors are subject to a two-step proteolysis essential for signal transduction. First, the ectodomain is removed by an enzyme cleaving near the outer-membrane surface ("site2"). Consecutively, the notch intracellular domain is liberated by a second protease cutting within the transmembrane sequence ("site3"). The intracellular domain is then transferred to the nucleus to act as a transcriptional coactivator. The proteases involved in notch receptor activation are shared with other proteins undergoing regulated intramembrane proteolysis, with intriguing parallels to APP. Specifically, site3 cleavage of Notch, as well as gamma-secretase processing of APP depend both critically on presenilins 1 and 2. Moreover, ADAM 10 and ADAM 17, the proteases proposed to perform site2 cleavage, are also the most probable candidate alpha-secretases to cleave APP. While the biological significance of APP processing remains to be further elucidated, interference with notch signaling has been shown to have severe consequences both in small animal models as well as in humans. Thus, a growing number of long known genetic syndromes like Alagille syndrome or Fallot's tetralogy can be caused by mutations of genes relevant for the notch signaling pathway. Likewise, the anticipated interference of gamma-secretase inhibitors with site3 cleavage may turn out to be a major obstacle for this therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's disease.status: Publishe
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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