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Diploma De Facto EBVS® European Specialist in Veterinary Microbiology
No full textDear Professor Anna-Rita Attili,
The Evaluation Committee has reviewed your application to be recognised
as a De Facto Diplomate. We are delighted to inform you that they have
recommended that your application is accepted, and this decision has been
approved by the Executive Committee. De Facto Diplomates must meet the same criteria as Founding Members, outlined in the ECVM Bylaws, and in the EBVS Policies and Procedures document. The Evaluation Committee objectively reviewed your application against each criterion and found in your favour.
We would also like to inform you that although you have applied for recognition of your laboratory as an Approved Training Center, the Education Committee has recommended approval as a Satellite Training Centre and this decision has been endorsed by the Executive Committee. We will shortly send you a Certificate of Approval, which is valid for a period of 5 years, effective from today 20/05/2022.
We warmly welcome you as a De Facto Diplomate of the ECVM. We expect and value your commitment and support in the building and development of our College. Moreover, we look forward to hearing about your contribution to Resident training.
Dorina Timofte
ECVM Secretary
On behalf of the ECVM Executive Committe
Pleuropolmonite contagiosa bovina
No full textLa Pleuropolmonite contagiosa bovina (PPCB), o anche denominata Pleuropolmonite essudativa contagiosa bovina, è una malattia infettiva di severa contagiosità caratterizzata da pleuro-polmonite interstiziale sierofibrinosa sostenuta da Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotipo bovino "Small Colony" (MmmSC). Di norma a decorso subacuto-cronico, la PPCB rappresenta ancora oggi uno dei più importanti limiti allo sviluppo della zootecnia nell’Africa sub-sahariana. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) è un eubatterio appartenente al phylum Tenericutes, classe Mollicutes, ordine Mycoplasmatales, famiglia Mycoplasmataceae, genere Mycoplasma. E’ membro del Mycoplasma mycoides cluster che consiste di 5 micoplasmi infettivi strettamente correlati: M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC, M. mycoides subsp. capri, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum e M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae e M. leachii. Recentemente, la variante M. mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony (MmmLC), responsabile di artrite e mastite nelle capre ma talvolta anche di patologia nel bovino, è stata scartata dal cluster e i corrispondenti isolati "LC" ora sono considerati una sierovariante aggiuntiva di M. mycoides subsp. capri. La PPCB è endemica nell’Africa Centrale, nel Medio Est e in Asia. Focolai sporadici, di solito caratterizzati da forme non severe della malattia, possono occorrere in alcuni paesi europei
Mycoplasmopsis bovis
No full textMycoplasmopsis bovis, precedentemente denominato Mycoplasma bovis, è ritenuto un patogeno importante nell’ambito dell’allevamento intensivo del bovino, in quanto coinvolto in differenti patologie tra cui la sindrome polmonite cronica-poliartrite (Chronic Pneumoniae-Polyarthritis Syndrome, CPPS) nel vitello,
la mastite e i disturbi riproduttivi nella vacca. Più recentemente, questo batterio è stato isolato anche in corso di aborto e mortalità perinatale. Nell’Europa
continentale, da circa un decennio, M. bovis è stato segnalato con crescente frequenza in episodi di broncopolmonite enzootica, in associazione ad altri agenti,
quali Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), Pestivirus A (Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus 1, BVDV) e
Bovine orthopneumovirus (Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, BRSV). I fenomeni di mastite e polmonite rappresentano una problematica attuale in relazione soprattutto all’elevata incidenza con cui si verificano e al conseguente danno recato in termini produttivi. Sebbene con minor frequenza, M. bovis si associa anche
ad episodi di otite suppurativa media, ascessi cutanei, meningite fibrinosa, miocardite e infezioni subcliniche dell’apparato genitale maschile. M. bovis è stato isolato, per la prima volta nel 1961 in USA da un focolaio di mastite bovina e, successivamente, identificato in casi di infezione occorsi in diversi Paesi del mondo. La mastite associata a M. bovis era già stata segnalata nel 1964 in Israele, nel periodo 1976-1978, in Inghilterra, Galles e Scozia e, nel 1976 fino al 1991, nei Paesi Bassi dove si verificarono 15 focolai di mastite, in alcuni dei quali fu anche diagnosticata artrite. Casi sporadici di infezione sono stati osservati in Svizzera
dal 1983. In Irlanda, nel periodo 1984-1995 si sono registrati focolai in 60 allevamenti di vacche da latte mentre, dal 1979 nella Repubblica Democratica Tedesca, è stato avviato un programma nazionale di eradicazione per l’infezione da micoplasmi. Tuttavia, a metà degli anni ‘90 e nei primi anni 2000, c’è stata una tregua nei casi di mastite da M. bovis nell’Europa occidentale, dove la
manifestazione più frequente dell’infezione da M. bovis era (ed è tuttora, in molti Paesi) il complesso della Bovine Respiratory Sindrome e la polmonite nel vitello.
Tale scenario epidemiologico è leggermente cambiato a metà degli anni 2000 quando la mastite associata a M. bovis è emersa in diversi Paesi europei. Ad oggi, l’infezione da Mycoplasmopsis bovis non è notificabile in Italia
Epidemiologia delle malattie infettive negli allevamenti intensivi
No full textL’epidemiologia è una disciplina medica che raccoglie informazioni oggettive, quali- e quantitative, allo scopo di misurare gli eventi di salute e malattia nel singolo individuo e nella popolazione. In altre parole, essa studia la malattia e i fattori che la determinano nella popolazione attraverso l’osservazione e la descrizione dei dati, l’analisi statistica e la modellazione matematica. Si articola in numerose sub-discipline dedicate allo studio di altrettanti aspetti della salute animale. Nella medicina degli animali da reddito, in cui le malattie infettive hanno un ruolo predominante, l’epidemiologia si occupa principalmente dello studio degli interventi di prevenzione e dei fattori di rischio. Questi studi trovano applicazione nelle attività svolte dai servizi veterinari territoriali del Sistema Sanitario Nazionale dei settori: Sanità animale, Igiene della produzione e commercializzazione degli alimenti di origine animale e Igiene degli allevamenti e delle produzioni zootecniche. La ricerca epidemiologica si estende anche alla valutazione dei metodi diagnostici e della loro efficacia a livello di popolazione.
In questo capitolo si utilizzeranno i termini epidemia ed endemia, che si riferiscono rispettivamente a: un numero di casi di malattia superiore a quelli attesi in un dato periodo in un’area geografica (epidemia); alla persistenza della malattia nella popolazione di un’area geografica, con un numero di casi costante nel tempo (endemia). Si farà anche riferimento ai concetti di prevalenza, ovvero il numero di soggetti infetti sul totale degli individui a rischio nella popolazione in un dato momento; incidenza, cioè il numero di nuovi casi che si verificano tra i soggetti suscettibili nell’unità di tempo; e incidenza cumulativa, ovvero la percentuale degli individui che vanno incontro a infezione/malattia in un lasso di tempo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Amphixenosic Aspects of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Man and Animals
No full textAccording to the mode of transmission, Staphylococcus aureus infection between hosts is classified as “direct zoonoses”, or infection that is transmitted from an infected vertebrate host to a susceptible host (man) by direct contact, by contact with a fomite or by a mechanical vector. The agent itself undergoes little or no propagative or developmental changes during transmission. According to the reservoir host, staphylococcosis are most precisely defined as “Zooanthroponoses” or infections transmitted from man to lower vertebrate animals (e.g. streptococci, diphtheria, Enterobacteriaceae, human tuberculosis in cattle and parrots etc.), but also “Anthropozoonoses” or infections transmitted to man from lower vertebrate animals. In particular, actually, the correct definition of S. aureus infections between humans and animals is “Amphixenoses” or infections maintained in both man and lower vertebrate animals and transmitted in either direction. S. aureus exhibits tropisms to many distinct animal hosts. While spillover events can occur wherever there is an interface between host species, changes in host tropism only occur with the establishment of sustained transmission in the new host species, leading to clonal expansion. Although the genomic variation underpinning adaptation in S. aureus genotypes infecting bovids and poultry has been well characterized the frequency of switches from one host to another remains obscure. In this review, we sought to identify sustained switches in host tropism in the S. aureus population, both anthroponotic and zoonotic, and their distribution over the species phylogeny. S. aureus is an organism with the capacity to switch into and adapt to novel hosts, even after long periods of isolation in a single host species. Based on this evidence, animal-adapted S. aureus lineages exhibiting resistance to antibiotics must be considered a major threat to public health, as they can adapt to the human population
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Universita' degli Studi di Padova - Revisione di una proposta progettuale per la ricerca di Ateneo: 'Codice: BIRD225455- Titolo: Infections at wildlife interface: a threat to disease emergence'
No full textSince world war II, the development of a large number of antimicrobials and vaccines gave the illusion that the battle against infectious diseases was won. However, since the ’70 the discovery of several emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) brought infectious diseases back to the top of health policies and public concerns, reaching an unprecedented peak during the current pandemic. Several EIDs are featured by rapid spread and evolution, complex epidemiological patterns, relevant fatality rate and difficulties in developing effective treatments and/or control strategies. Most of EID are caused by viruses and origin from animals (zoonoses), with wildlife playing a major role in their emergence and spread. Socioeconomic factors, climate changes, de- and reforesting, increasing human encroachment in the wild for productive and recreational purposes, and more frequent interactions with wildlife, have been claimed as the main contributing factors. While the public focus is understandably targeted on zoonoses, the interface with wildlife poses a considerable threat for domestic animals as well, both in companions and livestock. Modifications of the habitats, crescent overlapping between wild and domestic animals areas, changes in farming systems, etc., lead to increased interaction opportunities and facilitate the emergence of new diseases. However, a significant menace is represented by well-known, shared infections of which wild animals can represent susceptible hosts that can also act as reservoirs or at least contribute to maintain, being involved in their epidemiology and evolution. The challenge of applying effective biosecurity measures and control strategies in wildlife can represent an insurmountable obstacle for disease eradication and thus a continuous menace for animal and human health. A plethora of diseases hosted by wildlife is responsible for direct and indirect economic losses in livestock, with consequences on human welfare as well. Finally, it cannot be overemphasized that the viral flux is often bidirectional, and microorganisms circulating in domestic animals can be introduced into the wild environment because of human activities. The impact on wildlife and ecosystem balance can be astonishing, especially when dealing with endangered species whose limited population size makes them susceptible even to minor perturbation of the fragile equilibrium. Based on these considerations, it appears clear that the monitoring of infectious diseases in wildlife should be a priority from several standpoints, because of the implications for the health, welfare and productivity of humans, domesticated animals and wildlife. Although common sense often suggests EIDs originate from low-income countries, natural environmental determinants have been reported as major drivers of infectious diseases threats events (IDTEs) in Europe as well. Similarly, while strain exchange can be facilitated in rural and low-management settings, domestic/wildlife interactions have been documented to affect intensive farming as well. Despite the relevance from a “One Health” standpoint, but also from productive and economic perspectives, updated and organized information on the topic is often lacking. Currently, available data mostly originate from studies based on convenience sampling, designed in the framework of specific diagnostic activities focused on the monitoring of single zoonotic agents. Such a narrow focus and study design prevent the understanding of the complex epidemiology and network of interactions among individuals, populations and even species over time and space. Having this in mind, the present project aims to perform an extensive and dedicated sampling activity on different wild species in a broad Italian geographical area and characterize the occurrence, frequency and features (biological, genetic, epidemiological, clinical, etc) of a selection of viral agents of both animal and human relevance
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