4 research outputs found
Assessing nitrous oxide emissions and productivity of cropping systems for biogas production using digestate and mineral fertilisation in a coastal marsh site
No full textSignificant greenhouse gas emissions during substrate cultivation reduces the potential environmental benefits of biogas production. This study investigates the productivity of different cropping systems and their environmental impact in terms of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions under the environmental conditions of the coastal marsh regions (Northern Germany) with heavy clay soils, in a 2-year field trial (April 2009-March 2011). Treatments included four cropping systems (perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, PR) ley, continuous maize (Zea mays), a rotation (CR1) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, IR) and maize, and a rotation (CR2) of maize, winter wheat and IR; two sources of N (nitrogen) fertilizers (calcium ammonium nitrate, and biogas residue (BR)), and three levels of N fertilizer applications (control, moderate, high). Nitrous oxide emissions were determined for the unfertilized and highly fertilized cropping systems comprising PR ley, CR1 and CR2. Cumulative annual N2O emissions varied across the treatments, ranging from 0.82 to 3.4 kg N2O-N ha−1 year−1. Under high N fertilizer applications, PR ley incurred higher N2O-N losses compared to other tested cropping systems, and IR cover crop caused relatively high N2O-N emissions in a short vegetation period. The study observed wide range of yield-scaled emissions (0.00–5.60 kg N2O-N (Mg DM)−1) for different crops, emphasizing the variability in N2O emissions linked to cropping systems. The N2O-N emission factors for the three cropping systems were found to be low to moderate for all treatments, ranging from 0.03% to 0.53% compared to IPCC default Tier 1 N2O-N EFs. The lower emissions in the study were associated with prolonged high soil moisture conditions (water filled pore space >70%.), indicated by its negative correlation with N2O-N fluxes. Low dry matter and N yield of PR and of the wheat-IR sequence after BR application compared to other crops indicated a low N use efficiency. The estimation of N2O-N emissions based on N surplus was not promising specifically for the coastal study site where high groundwater level and organic matter in the soils were the predominant drivers for N2O-N emissions
A wonderful week
No full textFive-page description of a week at Techow and Lintsing, during which the Nursing school saw its graduation exercises, a new doctor arrived at Techow, and the Lintsing mission station celebrated its 40th anniversary; content suggests author was Minnie Case Ellis, wife of Emery W. Ellis and year was 192
N-Umsatz, Spurengasemissionen und Produktivität von Fruchtfolgen zur Biogasproduktion in einer Kalkmarsch Schleswig-Holsteins
No full textAufgrund des bisher wenig untersuchten Agrarlandschaftsraumes als auch neuartiger Biogasgärreste ist der Effekt der Biogasnutzung auf den Stoffhaushalt von Marschstandorten schwer zu quantifizieren. Auf einem noch nicht entkalkten Marschstandort Nordfries-lands, Schleswig-Holstein, wurden in einem Parzellenversuch mehrjährige Untersuchungen zur N-Düngewirksamkeit und Spurengasemissionen (N2O, NH3) bei Düngung mit Mineraldünger (KAS) und Biogasgärresten durchgeführt. Die N-Dünger wurden zur Produktion von Silomais, Weidelgras und GPS-Weizen als Biogassubstrat genutzt. Biogas-gärreste wurden mit Schleppschläuchen ausgebracht. Bei Verwendung des Mineraldüngers erzielten Maismonokultur, Ackergras sowie eine Fruchtfolge (Mais-Weizen-Welsches Weidelgras) etwa gleich hohe Erträge (ca. 30 t TM ha 1 2a-1). Bei Weizen und Ackergras führte die Düngung mit Biogasgärresten zu deutlich reduzierten Erträgen. NH3-Emissionen lagen aufgrund hoher Windgeschwin-
digkeiten höher als in anderen Regionen Schleswig-Holsteins, wobei Ackergras bei weitem die höchsten (80 kg N ha-1 2a-1) und Maismonokultur die geringsten (20 kg N ha-1 2a-1) kumulierten Verluste aufwies. Ohne signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den N-Düngern lagen kumulierte N2O-Emissionen mit 1–5 kg N ha-1 a-1 trotz beträchtlicher N-Aufwand-mengen und des tonreichen Bodens relativ niedrig
Correspondence of missionaries in Shantung Province, China, 1926
No full textCorrespondence and reports from missionaries in Shantung Province, China, 1926: 1) North China Kung Li Hui: Report of the General Secretaries to the Council, May 1926 / H.C. Chang, Robert E. Chandler (3 pages); 2) Notes on Staff Meeting, June 3, 1926 (2 pages); 3) Letter dated 7 June 1926 from Mrs. Lyman V. (Muriel) Cady at Tsinan, China, to Mrs. (Minnie Case) Ellis at Lintsing (2 pages); (4) Letter dated 12 June 1926 from B. J. Scoville in Saratoga, California, to Rev. Emery W. Ellis at Tehchow, China (1 page); (5) Letter dated 15 June 1926 from Minnie Case at Techow to friends (2 pages); (6) Letter dated 21 June 1926 from Robert E. Chandler to Emery W. Ellis, with an undated letter (but summer 1926) from Minnie Case begun on its verso and continued on 2 further leaves (6 pages, 5 scans total); (7) Letter dated 1 July 1926 from Helen Chandler at Pei Tai Ho to Mrs. Ellis (9 pages); (8) Letter dated 7 July 1926 from Maud M. McGwigan at Tsingtao to Miss (Edith) Tallmon and Dr. Susan Tallmon Sargent (4 pages); (9) Letter begun 14 July 1926, continued 15 July upon arrival at Pei Tai Ho, addressed to Dr. Francis, unsigned but perhaps by Emery W. Ellis, as author seems to be from Tehchow; (10) Letter dated 24 July 1926 from Maud M. McGwigan at Tsingtao to Mrs. Sargent, enclosing Dr. Cooke\u27s letter describing the storm in Lintsing; (11) "Order of worship, Sunday, July 25, 1926; (12) Williams-Porter Hospitals, report for 1926, by Lois Pendleton (3 p.), with a note from Minnie Ellis asking recipient to send on to the Sargents; (13) Letter begun 28 September 1926 from Edith (Tallmon) Park at Morgan Hill to her sister Clara Jones (8 pages, photocopied); (14) Last page of a typed letter from Myra L. Sawye
