21 research outputs found
Ambient air pollution and birth outcomes : Insights on exposure determinants and new outcomes
No full textRecent epidemiological evidence on effect of air pollution and pregnancy outcomes is inconsistent. Differences in study design, sample size, population characteristics, control for confounders, air pollution measurements and exposure assessment techniques as well as the lack of knowledge on the exact biological mechanism are likely to contribute to the observed heterogeneity. The aim of this project was to better understand the personal exposure determinants and to use refined exposure assessment techniques such as Land Use Regression (LUR) models to assess the impact of air pollution on birth outcomes. Moreover to encompass outcomes that might help in the identification of possible biological mechanisms of the effect of air pollution on fetus development. Ventilation of the house by opening the windows, the time spent cooking and indicators for traffic intensity were re-occurring statistically significant determinants of the personal and indoor pollutants levels. In our studies of air pollution and birth outcomes we were able to identify congenital anomalies groups not systematically studied before and we were the first to include indicators of fat mass at birth. Air pollutants, estimates using LUR, were associated to increased risk of some congenital anomalies of the hearth and with impaired fetal growth.Les últimes evidències epidemiològiques sobre l’efecte de la contaminació atmosfèrica i els efectes durant l'embaràs són inconsistents. Les diferències en el disseny de l'estudi, la grandària de la mostra, les característiques de la població, el control dels factors de confusió, les mesures de contaminació de l'aire i les tècniques d'avaluació de l'exposició, així com la manca de coneixement sobre el mecanisme biològic exacte, poden contribuir a l'heterogeneïtat dels resultats observats. L'objectiu d'aquest projecte era comprendre millor els determinants de l'exposició personal i utilitzar tècniques millorades d'avaluació d'exposició, com als models de models d’ús del territori (Land Use Regression, LUR) per avaluar els efectes de la contaminació atmosfèrica a la salut del neonat. Alhora incloure els resultats que podrien ajudar en la identificació de possibles mecanismes biològics dels efectes de la contaminació atmosfèrica en el desenvolupament del fetus. Els factors determinants dels nivells de contaminants personals i d'interior, com ventilació de la casa obrint les finestres, el temps dedicat a la cuina i els indicadors de la intensitat del trànsit es tornen a mostrar estadísticament significatius., En els nostres estudis de la contaminació de l'aire i els efectes en la salut en neonats hem estat capaços d'identificar uns grups d'anomalies congènites no estudiades abans de forma sistemàtica i hem estat els primers a incloure indicadors de massa de greix al néixer. Els contaminants de l'aire i les estimacions utilitzant LUR es van associar a un major risc d'algunes anomalies congènites del cor i amb el retard del creixement fetal.Programa de doctorat en Biomedicin
Ambient air pollution and birth outcomes : Insights on exposure determinants and new outcomes
No full textRecent epidemiological evidence on effect of air pollution and pregnancy outcomes is inconsistent. Differences in study design, sample size, population characteristics, control for confounders, air pollution measurements and exposure assessment techniques as well as the lack of knowledge on the exact biological mechanism are likely to contribute to the observed heterogeneity. The aim of this project was to better understand the personal exposure determinants and to use refined exposure assessment techniques such as Land Use Regression (LUR) models to assess the impact of air pollution on birth outcomes. Moreover to encompass outcomes that might help in the identification of possible biological mechanisms of the effect of air pollution on fetus development. Ventilation of the house by opening the windows, the time spent cooking and indicators for traffic intensity were re-occurring statistically significant determinants of the personal and indoor pollutants levels. In our studies of air pollution and birth outcomes we were able to identify congenital anomalies groups not systematically studied before and we were the first to include indicators of fat mass at birth. Air pollutants, estimates using LUR, were associated to increased risk of some congenital anomalies of the hearth and with impaired fetal growth.Les últimes evidències epidemiològiques sobre l’efecte de la contaminació atmosfèrica i els efectes durant l'embaràs són inconsistents. Les diferències en el disseny de l'estudi, la grandària de la mostra, les característiques de la població, el control dels factors de confusió, les mesures de contaminació de l'aire i les tècniques d'avaluació de l'exposició, així com la manca de coneixement sobre el mecanisme biològic exacte, poden contribuir a l'heterogeneïtat dels resultats observats. L'objectiu d'aquest projecte era comprendre millor els determinants de l'exposició personal i utilitzar tècniques millorades d'avaluació d'exposició, com als models de models d’ús del territori (Land Use Regression, LUR) per avaluar els efectes de la contaminació atmosfèrica a la salut del neonat. Alhora incloure els resultats que podrien ajudar en la identificació de possibles mecanismes biològics dels efectes de la contaminació atmosfèrica en el desenvolupament del fetus. Els factors determinants dels nivells de contaminants personals i d'interior, com ventilació de la casa obrint les finestres, el temps dedicat a la cuina i els indicadors de la intensitat del trànsit es tornen a mostrar estadísticament significatius., En els nostres estudis de la contaminació de l'aire i els efectes en la salut en neonats hem estat capaços d'identificar uns grups d'anomalies congènites no estudiades abans de forma sistemàtica i hem estat els primers a incloure indicadors de massa de greix al néixer. Els contaminants de l'aire i les estimacions utilitzant LUR es van associar a un major risc d'algunes anomalies congènites del cor i amb el retard del creixement fetal.Programa de doctorat en Biomedicin
Mapping the therapeutic landscape in emergency incisional hernia: a scoping review
No full textPURPOSE: Incisional hernias (IH) represent common complications following abdominal surgeries, with emergency repair associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on emergency incisional hernia repair, identify research gaps, and inform future guideline development. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed MEDLINE and SCOPUS for studies published between January 2000 and August 2024. Articles addressing any aspect of emergency incisional hernia repair in adults were included. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, patient demographics, surgical approaches, and outcomes. RESULTS: Of 801 unique articles identified, 73 met the inclusion criteria. Most were cohort studies (73.97%), with only one randomized trial. The primary areas of interest were repair methods (47.95%), operative outcomes (31.51%), risk assessment (16.44%), and diagnosis (5.48%). Pooled analysis revealed a predominantly female (63%), elderly (mean age 62.3 years), and comorbid patient population. The most frequent study endpoints were readmission (18%), surgical site infection (12%), reoperation (8%), and mortality (4%). Significant heterogeneity was observed in defect characterization and surgical techniques. CONCLUSION: This review highlights a paucity of randomized studies guiding emergency incisional hernia management. Key issues identified include inconsistent definitions of emergency presentation, limited data on hernia characteristics, and a lack of standardized outcome reporting. Future research should focus on developing a unified classification system for emergency incisional hernias, evaluating the role of imaging in decision-making, and conducting comparative studies on various treatment strategies across different clinical scenarios.Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.RDUH staff can access the full-text of this article by clicking on the 'Additional Link' above and logging in with NHS OpenAthens if prompted
Ambient air pollution and newborn size and adiposity at birth : differences by maternal ethnicity (the born in Bradford study cohort)
No full textExposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with reduced size of newborns; however, the modifying effect of maternal ethnicity remains little explored among South Asians.; We investigated ethnic differences in the association between ambient air pollution and newborn's size.; Pregnant women were recruited between 2007 and 2010 for the Born in Bradford cohort study, in England. Exposures to particulate matter (≤ 10 μm, PM10; ≤ 2.5 μm, PM2.5), PM2.5 absorbance, and nitrogen oxides (NOx, NO2) were estimated using land-use regressions models. Using multivariate linear regression models, we evaluated effect modification by maternal ethnicity ("white British" or "Pakistani origin," self-reported) on the associations of air pollution and birth weight, head circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness.; A 5-μg/m3 increase in mean third trimester PM2.5 was associated with significantly lower birth weight and smaller head circumference in children of white British mothers (-43 g; 95% CI: -76, -10 and -0.28 cm; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.17, respectively), but not in children of Pakistani origin (9 g; 95% CI: -17, 35 and -0.08 cm; 95% CI: -0.17, 0.01, respectively) (pint = 0.03 and < 0.001). In contrast, PM2.5 was associated with significantly larger triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses in children of Pakistani origin (0.17 mm; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.25 and 0.21 mm; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.29, respectively), but not in white British children (-0.02 mm; 95% CI: -0.14, 0.01 and 0.06 mm; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.18, respectively) (pint = 0.06 and 0.11). Patterns of associations for PM10 and PM2.5 absorbance according to ethnicity were similar to those for PM2.5, but associations of the outcomes with NO2 and NOx were mostly nonsignificant in both ethnic groups.; Our results suggest that associations of ambient PM exposures with newborn size and adiposity differ between white British and Pakistani origin infants.; Schembari A, de Hoogh K, Pedersen M, Dadvand P, Martinez D, Hoek G, Petherick ES, Wright J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. 2015. Ambient air pollution and newborn size and adiposity at birth: differences by maternal ethnicity (the Born in Bradford study cohort). Environ Health Perspect 123:1208-1215; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408675
Long-term implications of a single home-based educational intervention in patients with heart failure
No full textAmbient air pollution and risk of congenital anomalies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textOBJECTIVE: We systematically reviewed epidemiologic studies on ambient air pollution and congenital anomalies and conducted meta-analyses for a number of air pollutant-anomaly combinations. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION: From bibliographic searches we extracted 10 original epidemiologic studies that examined the association between congenital anomaly risk and concentrations of air pollutants. Meta-analyses were conducted if at least four studies published risk estimates for the same pollutant and anomaly group. Summary risk estimates were calculated for a) risk at high versus low exposure level in each study and b) risk per unit increase in continuous pollutant concentration.
DATA SYNTHESIS: Each individual study reported statistically significantly increased risks for some combinations of air pollutants and congenital anomalies, among many combinations tested. In meta-analyses, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) exposures were related to increases in risk of coarctation of the aorta [odds ratio (OR) per 10 ppb NO₂ = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.36; OR per 1 ppb SO₂ = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13] and tetralogy of Fallot (OR per 10 ppb NO₂ = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02-1.42; OR per 1 ppb SO₂ = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05), and PM₁₀ (particulate matter ≤ 10 µm) exposure was related to an increased risk of atrial septal defects (OR per 10 μg/m³ = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28). Meta-analyses found no statistically significant increase in risk of other cardiac anomalies and oral clefts. CONCLUSIONS: We found some evidence for an effect of ambient air pollutants on congenital cardiac anomaly risk. Improvements in the areas of exposure assessment, outcome harmonization, assessment of other congenital anomalies, and mechanistic knowledge are needed to advance this field.J.R. is funded by a Personal Award Scheme Career Scientist Award from the U.K. National Institute of Health Researc
Ambient air pollution and risk of congenital anomalies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textOBJECTIVE: We systematically reviewed epidemiologic studies on ambient air pollution and congenital anomalies and conducted meta-analyses for a number of air pollutant-anomaly combinations. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION: From bibliographic searches we extracted 10 original epidemiologic studies that examined the association between congenital anomaly risk and concentrations of air pollutants. Meta-analyses were conducted if at least four studies published risk estimates for the same pollutant and anomaly group. Summary risk estimates were calculated for a) risk at high versus low exposure level in each study and b) risk per unit increase in continuous pollutant concentration.
DATA SYNTHESIS: Each individual study reported statistically significantly increased risks for some combinations of air pollutants and congenital anomalies, among many combinations tested. In meta-analyses, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) exposures were related to increases in risk of coarctation of the aorta [odds ratio (OR) per 10 ppb NO₂ = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.36; OR per 1 ppb SO₂ = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13] and tetralogy of Fallot (OR per 10 ppb NO₂ = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02-1.42; OR per 1 ppb SO₂ = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05), and PM₁₀ (particulate matter ≤ 10 µm) exposure was related to an increased risk of atrial septal defects (OR per 10 μg/m³ = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28). Meta-analyses found no statistically significant increase in risk of other cardiac anomalies and oral clefts. CONCLUSIONS: We found some evidence for an effect of ambient air pollutants on congenital cardiac anomaly risk. Improvements in the areas of exposure assessment, outcome harmonization, assessment of other congenital anomalies, and mechanistic knowledge are needed to advance this field.J.R. is funded by a Personal Award Scheme Career Scientist Award from the U.K. National Institute of Health Researc
CHARACTERIZING PERSONAL INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE OF PREGNANT WOMEN POPULATION
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Traffic-related air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a multi-ethnic society. Results from the Born in Bradford cohort study.
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