35 research outputs found
How to Ensure Consumer Safety for Unbranded Refill Drinking Water Depots?
No full textDrinking water is water that has been processed to meet health standard regulations. However, some water can be consumed directly without several processes if it meets health safety requirements. This research aims to ensure the safety, health, and hygiene of unbranded refilled drinking water by looking at the quality of the drinking water content following SNI (Indonesian National Standard) standards and providing recommendations to the government to protect consumers of unbranded drinking water. This research applied qualitative methods through data collection techniques Focus Group Discussion (FGD), literature studies, and field observations in Semarang and Balikpapan. This study found that some refilled drinking water depots violated applicable safety regulations. However, no legal sanctions were applied for the business actors who violated it, and no regional regulations or Mayer Regulations regulate the unbranded refilled drinking water. Therefore, efforts need to be made to foster actors, educate consumers to be smart in choosing drinking water, and the establishment of implementing regulations from the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 492 of 2010 in supervising business actors from this research is expected to be an effort to increase consumer protection in Indonesia
Aspek Monopoli Atas Cabang Produksi yang Menguasai Hajat Hidup Orang Banyak Berdasarkan Hukum Persaingan Usaha
No full textIstilah monopoli seringkali diterjemahkan secara negatif oleh berbagai kalangan mengingat dampak terhadap penyalahgunaannya seringkali menghambat persaingan dan bahkan merugikan masyarakat. Definisi monopoli dalam UU Nomor 5/1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat (selanjutnya ditulis UU Nomor 6/1999) adalah “penguasaan atas produksi dan/atau pemasaran barang dan/atau atas penggunaan jasa tertentu oleh salah satu pelaku usaha atau satu kelompok pelaku usaha”. Monopoli di beberapa negara kadangkala diperlukan oleh masyarakat terutama di sektor-sektor industri yang strategis, yang pada dasarnya termuat juga dalam Pasal 33 UUD 1945. Penguasaan atas cabang-cabang produksi tersebut oleh UUD 1945 diserahkan kepada negara agar dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat. Pemberian kekuasaan kepada negara diartikan sebagai pemberian kewenangan untuk mengatur hubungan hukum dan perbuatan hukum antara orang-orang dalam hubungannya dengan pengelolaan sumber daya alam. Pasal 51 UU Nomor 5/1999 menyiratkan pengertian bahwa pelaksanaan monopoli dan/atau pemusatan kegiatan oleh negara terhadap kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan produksi dan atau pemasaran atas barang dan/atau jasa yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak serta cabang produksi yang penting bagi negara diselenggarakan oleh Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) dan/atau badan atau lembaga yang dibentuk atau ditunjuk oleh pemerintah. Ketentuan tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa tidak selamanya monopoli dilarang, bahkan dalam hal-hal tertentu monopoli oleh negara di sektor industri strategis dikecualikan oleh sebuah undang-undang
Legal Protection of Patients in Telemedicine Services: Implementation and Challenges
No full textThe increasingly widespread Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on the disruption of health services in hospitals, including patients who intend to consult or treat other diseases as most of the hospitals are used to treat Covid-19 patients. This situation encourages a group of health service providers to use telemedicine as an alternative for the community to continue receiving health services from medical personnel without having to go to the hospital. This study focuses more on the information services and medical consultations offered by service providers, hence it is necessary to know how the legal protection of patients in telemedicine services is being implemented and their challenges. This paper is a prescriptive normative research using secondary data in the form of regulations and policies as well as interviews with several sources in related fields. Regulations and policies by the government are still temporary (fluctuating) and have not comprehensively regulated transactions for telemedicine services, for example, when an incident occurs that results in patient loss, a strong legal basis is needed to restore patient rights so that in the end a legal certainty is created for the society.
Keywords: legal protection, patients, telemedicin
Penggunaan Bukti Ekonomi Dalam Kartel Berdasarkan Hukum Persaingan Usaha
No full textKartel merupakan tindakan anti persaingan yang membawa dampak paling signifikan, baik terhadap pesaing maupun konsumen. Di beberapa negara, kartel dianggap sebagai tindakan kriminal disertai denda pidana dan/atau kurungan. Mengingat dampak atas kartel terhadap konsumen berupa kerugian, maupun terhadap pesaingnya berujud hambatan masuk (entry barrier) ke pasar bersangkutan, maka terdapat sistem pembuktian kartel dengan penggunaan bukti ekonomi. Hal ini dilakukan guna mengatasi kesulitan mengungkap kartel, karena hampir semua kartel tidak dilakukan dengan perjanjian tertulis. Tulisan ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa putusan-putusan KPPU di bidang industry minyak goreng dan fuel surcharge di industri penerbangan. Bukti ekonomi sangat diperlukan guna mendukung bukti langsung (direct evidence) yang biasanya sulit ditemukan dalam kartel. Bukti ekonomi tersebut berupa analisis atas harga yang sifatnya paralel dan terkoordinasi dengan cara mendata harga yang ditetapkan para pelaku dalam industri sejenis, dalam kurun waktu tertentu, dengan tingkat harga yang sangat tinggi. Bukti ekonomi ini merupakan implementasi pendekatan rule of reason di mana KPPU harus membuktikan dampak atas kartel baik terhadap pesaing maupun konsumen. Pembuktian unsur merupakan tindakan yang harus dilakukan untuk memenuhi syarat formil, sedangkan bukti ekonomi diperlukan untuk memenuhi syarat material dalam suatu pembuktian. Sebaiknya, bukti ekonomi harus disertai bukti lain yang saling melengkapi (cicumstancial evidence), sehingga dapat meyakinkan semua pihak dalam menerima sistem pembuktian yang spesifik yang dikenal dalam Hukum Persaingan.Key Words : Larangan Kartel, Bukti Ekonom
Mandatory Post Merger Notification Under the Merger Review Regulation in Indonesia
No full textMerger control in Indonesia is based on the Indonesia Anti-Monopoly Law No.5/1999
and it is specifically set forth in Government Regulation 57/2010 providing for
mandatory notification to the competition authority under the threat of fines for late
reporting. It is rather unique compared to merger regulations in general which tend to
focus on pre-merger notification. Companies meeting certain thresholds based on assets
or sales value are required to conduct notification. The process of merger review has to
go through the formal (procedural) and substantive stages. The formal/procedural stage is
concerned with the fulfillment of certain qualifications such as meeting the criteria as an
effective merger acquisition, affiliations, and exceeding the thresholds. The substantive
stage involves the assessment of entry barriers, potential anti-competition conduct,
inefficiencies and the prevention of bankruptcy. The Commission’s opinion issued in the
final stage of assessment can be in the form of no objection, objection, or conditional no
objection. Any violations of Law No.5/1999 found by the Commission are processed
further through the case examination process, in compliance with the prevailing rules.
GR 54/2010 also provides for voluntary pre merger notification. The incentive is that
once the Commission’s no objection letter is obtained, there is no need to go through
examination in the mandatory post merger notification process. However, the
Commission’s opinion is non-binding. Therefore, business actors still prefer to conduct
post merger notification despite the potential exposure to relatively high fines. Limited
availability of data and a lack of awareness among business actors are some of the main
challenges in the implementation of GR 54/2010. Cooperation and policy harmonization
with relevant agencies such the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, the Capital Markets
Supervisory Agency and Bank Indonesia need to be explored in the future
The application of effects doctrine in foreign mergers based on the Indonesian anti monopoly law
No full textEffects doctrine means domestic competition laws are applicable to foreign firms, but also to domestic firms located outside the state’s territory, when their behavior or transactions produce an effect within the domestic territory. This doctrine applies in some countries, and may even be applied in merger control, because the use of this doctrine is aimed at preventing monopolistic practices and unfair business competition by foreign companies through merger. Competition law in Indonesia currently regulates merger control by using single economic doctrine, so it has not been able to optimally prevent foreign merger which has negative impact in the domestic market.
Business Competition Supervisory Authority has the right to control business merger by way of defining merger criteria, notification system, notification conditions, substantive test, time frame, notification result, technical aspects related to the parties required to submit notification, foreign merger and legal challenges.
The enactment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) provides an opportunity to harmonize the control of mergers in the regional area of ASEAN. Therefore, consideration should be given to the steps that must be taken to enforce the effects doctrine in the merger control system, design the technical application, and overcome the obstacles to be faced in its application. In order to generate a complete idea, it is necessary to compare the law on merger control in ASEAN member countries, so as to produce a comprehensive conclusion
SINERGI BUMN DALAM PENGADAAN BARANG DAN/ATAU JASA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERSAINGAN USAHA
No full textFrom the Competition Law perspective, the basic principles of procurement among others are transparency, non-discrimination and efficiency. For that purpose some regulations were established such as Law No. 5 of 1999 and Presidential Regulation regarding bid rigging prohibition. However, still there is a ministerial regulation regarding the synergy of State-Owned Enterprises that contravene with fair competition principles that enable to appoint a subsidiary of a State-Owned Enterprises directly without bidding. Such practice is violation to Article 22 and Article 19 d of Law No. 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibitionof Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. Prinsip dasar sistem pengadaan barang/jasa dari perspektif Hukum Persaingan Usaha diantaranya transparansi, non diskriminasi, dan efisiensi. Untuk itu, dibentuk beberapa regulasi berupa undang-undang dan peraturan perundang-undangan seperti UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 dan Peraturan Presiden yang melarang persekongkolan tender. Namun demikian, terdapat peraturan yang bertentangan dengan prinsip persaingan yakni Peraturan Menteri tentang Sinergi BUMN, yang memberi peluang dilakukannyapenunjukan langsung kepada anak perusahaannya, untuk melaksanakan proyek pengadaan barang/jasa. Hal ini merupakan pengingkaran terhadap prinsip-prinsip persaingan usaha yang sehat, khususnya Pasal22 dan Pasal 19 huruf d UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.</p
Merger control based on anti-monopoly law in Indonesia: comparison in some Asean member states
No full textMerger control is one of the important aspects in the business competition regime, considering the impact of merger can lead to monopolistic practices and unfair business competition. The purpose of merger control in the perspective of competition law is to prevent potential violations of anti-monopoly laws through corporate actions in the form of mergers or acquisitions. Business competition supervisory authority in Indonesia (KPPU) has a role in controlling mergers by defining criteria for mergers, such as notification systems, notification conditions, substantive tests and time periods, notification results, and other technical matters related to parties required to make notifications, foreign mergers and challenges. How does the system of merger control in Indonesia and its comparison with the system in other ASEAN Member States (AMS)? And how AMS synergize on regional merger control system, particularly in the ASEAN region? One of the most interesting things about the merger control system in Indonesia is using mandatory post merger notification, that can lead to a heavy penalty for late reporting. This merger control comparative study aims to know merger control regulations and system in the ASEAN region, particularly some AMS which had already promulgated its competition law. The merger control in the ASEAN economic region requires an initial step to form a harmonization of the system by the competition authority of the respective country
KEWAJIBAN NOTIFIKASI PENGAMBILALIHAN ASET PERUSAHAAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERSAINGAN USAHA [Mandatory Notification for Company's Asset Acquisition in the Perspective of Competition Law]
No full textThe Indonesian business competition supervisory agency, KPPU, issued KPPU Regulation No. 3/2019 which regulates the control system for merger, consolidation, and acquisition of company shares (P3S). This regulation was established to address the development of supervisory issues, including the expansion of the term expropriation, which includes the takeover of assets. Although it is not explicitly regulated in Law no. 5/1999 and PP No. 57/2010, the facts on the ground show that the enactment of the KPPU Regulation has been complied with by business actors within a period of more than a year since its stipulation. This article presents two research issues regarding the reasons behind KPPU's issuance of the regulation, and the legal implications of the enactment of new regulations for business actors and practitioners. This article is the result of normative research supported by secondary data in the form of legal regulations in the field of competition, comparisons with several countries, examples of the takeover of Uber assets by Grab, and also using interviews with two KPPU sources. The data was then analyzed qualitatively and concluded by using a deductive method. The conclusion drawn is that the purpose of KPPU in drafting the regulation is to prevent monopolistic practices and unfair business competition, by conducting benchmarking which results in the finding that the takeover of assets can also potentially give a chance to a concentrated market and anti-competitive behavior. The formation of the regulation also has juridical and sociological implications, namely fulfilling the legal aspect and being obeyed by business actors by notifying the takeover of shares and assets.Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Lembaga pengawas persaingan, KPPU, menerbitkan Perkom No. 3/2019 yang mengatur tentang sistem pengendalian atas penggabungan, peleburan dan pengambilalihan saham perusahaan (P3S). Peraturan ini dibentuk untuk menjawab perkembangan isu pengawasan, antara lain perluasan istilah pengambilalihan, yang meliputi pula pengambilalihan aset. Meskipun tidak diatur secara eksplisit dalam UU No. 5/1999 maupun PP No. 57/2010, fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa pengundangan Peraturan KPPU tersebut telah dipatuhi oleh pelaku usaha dalam kurun waktu lebih dari setahun sejak ditetapkannya. Artikel ini mengemukakan dua masalah penelitian tentang hal-hal yang melatarbelakangi KPPU menerbitkan peraturan tersebut, dan implikasi hukum pemberlakukan peraturan baru terhadap pelaku usaha maupun praktisi. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian normatif yang didukung data sekunder berupa peraturan hukum di bidang persaingan, perbandingan dengan beberapa negara, contoh pengambilalihan aset Uber oleh Grab, dan juga menggunakan wawancara dengan dua narasumber KPPU. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dan menyimpulkannya dengan metode deduktif. Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan adalah bahwa maksud KPPU menyusun peraturan tersebut adalah melakukan pencegahan terjadinya praktik monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat, dengan melakukan benchmarking yang menghasilkan temuan, bahwa pengambilalihan aset juga dapat berpotensi melahirkan pasar yang terkonsentrasi dan perilaku antipersaingan. Pembentukan peraturan tersebut juga berimplikasi secara yuridis maupun sosiologis, yakni memenuhi aspek legalitas dan dipatuhi pelaku usaha dengan melakukan notifikasi pengambilalihan saham maupun aset
Joint fighting against cartel practices in the member states of the regional economic zone
No full textIn general term, cartel is considered as a form of agreement between competitors in a similar industry whose purpose is for maximizing profit only for the members of cartel. The competition authority of Indonesia, Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition (KPPU), is now vigorously fighting against cartel practices in various business fields. There are several principle considerations regarding the establishment of cartel, such as the mechanism of how the cartel works, how to reveal the cartel, and the impact for the competition as well as for the consumers. These understandings are needed in order to handle cartel practices appropriately, both from the aspect of prevention as well as law enforcement. Preventive action is carried out by establishing rules and policies whose purpose is for giving a limitations regarding the permissible or impermissible actions when the business actors of similar business gather, as is usually organized by any trade associations. Repressive action, as an action to make deterrent effect, can be executed by penalizing them a significant fine, even by a criminal threat. Most of all countries that are doing an action to fight against cartel will face various obstacles and challenges in order to overcome this practice. The states which are incorporated in a regional economic zone, such as Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), have performed a cooperative action that agrees together to fight against cartel. This cooperation is executed by doing strategic steps from the level of investigation, starting from detecting, doing a pre-investigation appraisal, investigation planning and resourcing, as well as making strategies for investigation progress and preparing written recommendations. One of the efforts in order to handle cartel practices which is regarded efficient enough is called leniency program, where the Indonesian parliament is still drafting it in the amendment of its Anti-Monopoly La
