1,720,989 research outputs found
The open body: a “new” book
Full text linkAt the beginning of the ‘300, Mondino de’ Liuzzi, a physician from Bologna, was the first anatomist who started again the dissection of human body neglected from the III century. He hinted at the existence of the conflict between book and body, between “auctoritas” and the direct observation of the human body . The Mondino’s masterwork “Anothomia” remained the key book up to the middle of the sixth century, when Andrea Vesalio wrote “De Umani Corporis Fabrica,” in which the body (cadaver) eventually became the main player of the book . During the years, the technologic evolution led to the wrong conviction that dissection could be dismissed, albeit, still in our day, doctors in training feel the need to associate the direct experience on the cadaver with the very valuable digital means and the modern imaging technologies even in 3D. Thinking to Anatomy as an already fully well known discipline is a mistake. The most advanced methodologies for surgical access, namely the minimally invasive surgery, require the evolution of the traditional anatomical knowledge. The Human Anatomy Institute of the University of Bologna, among the first in Italy, has recognized this need. Thanks to the generosity of the people enrolled in the Body donation programme for research and teaching, our Institute allows medical students to practice dissection on cadavers, beginning as Freshman, then Sophomore, Junior and Senior. The sharing of Bologna’s experience could be the chance to think about the perspectives offered by the dissection of the corpse: a wide range of possibilities spanning from research projects to advanced training courses in collaboration with clinicians and surgeons belonging to different branches. Moreover the practice of corpse dissection is extremely important for the recruitment of young graduates in Medicine which, by means of the experience vested acting as “tutor of anatomy”, acquire interest in the field of research of morphological sciences, spanning from macroscopic up to the cellular and molecular level. Hic mors gaudet succurrere vitae: the motto, reported in dissection room of most of the Italian anatomical institutes, represents the synthesis of the experience of an ancient discipline which, nowadays , has the chance to rewrite a new chapter dedicated to modern frontiers of scientific research and medical education
Comparative Anatomy and Radiology: Human vs. Ovine Model
No full textAn accurate knowledge of comparative anatomy and radiology between ovine and human is mandatory and a preliminary requirement to start the training in endoscopic ear surgery on the ovine model in the proper way. Indeed, the comprehension of the differences and similarities regarding the anatomical structures and radiological findings allows performing all the surgical procedures with a more precise and better surgical point of view. By the means of the endoscope, some of the areas of the middle ear cavity simply inaccessible by microscope have been described, and thanks to the capability of the endoscope to “look around the corner” almost every space of the middle ear cavity has been explored. In addition, angled lenses (i.e., 30°, 45°, 70°) might help to assess even deeper recesses (i.e., type B facial sinus, type B sinus tympani). In this chapter the anatomic details of the ovine model are highlighted and compared to those of the human. A specific knowledge of the ovine model’s anatomy is obvious prerequisite to start this training program. The middle ear anatomy of the ovine is quite similar to the human one and is suitable to perform endoscopic surgical procedures
IPMK and β-catenin take part in PLC-β1-dependent signaling pathway during myogenic differentiation
Full text linkPhospholipase C (PLC)-β1 catalytic activity plays an essential role in the initiation of myogenic differentiation but the effectors involved in its signaling pathway are not well defined[1,2]. Here, we show that the overexpression of the Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase (IPMK) promotes myogenic differentiation, and that IPMK targets the same cyclin D3 promoter region activated by PLC-β1. Moreover, cyclin D3 promoter activation relies upon c-jun binding to the promoter, both in response to PLC-β1 and to IPMK overexpression. Furthermore, both IPMK and PLC-β1 overexpression determines an increase in β-catenin translocation and accumulation to the nuclei of differentiating myoblasts resulting in higher MyoD activation. Therefore, our data show that PLC-β1, IPMK and β-catenin are mediators of the same signaling pathway that regulates cyclin D3 and myosin heavy chain (MYH) induction during myogenic differentiation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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