170,832 research outputs found
Anaemia in India and Its Prevalence and Multifactorial Aetiology: A Narrative Review
No full textThe prevalence of anaemia in India remains high in children, especially those in rural areas, and in women of childbearing age, and its impairment of neurological development can have serious lifelong effects. It is concerning that the most recent official data (2019-21) indicate an increased prevalence compared with 2015-16. There is also considerable variability in childhood anaemia between Indian states with socioeconomic factors, such as wealth and education contributing to the risk of anaemia among adolescent women and their children. Dietary iron deficiency is often regarded as the main contributor to anaemia but increasing evidence accumulated from the authors' ongoing literature database coupled with recent literature research suggests that it has a multifactorial aetiology, some of which is not related to nutrition. This narrative review focused on these multifactorial issues, notably the contribution of vitamin B12/folate deficiency, which also has a high prevalence in India. It was also noted that the dietary intake of bioavailable iron remains an important contributor for reducing anaemia, and the role of millets as an improved iron source compared to traditional staple cereals is briefly discussed. The overall conclusion is that anaemia has a multifactorial aetiology requiring multifactorial assessment that must include assessment of vitamin B12 status
Polyaniline/Polyoxometalate Hybrid Nanofibers as Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries with Improved Lithium Storage Capacity
No full textPolyaniline is a member of the class of electrically conducting polymers, which have possible commercial applications as anticorrosive or static charge removal coatings. Aqueous-based polyaniline coatings are preferred over organic solvent or strong acid based coatings because the water used in these coatings does not pollute the environment. The overall goal of this dissertation was to further the development of useful water-based polyaniline coatings by studying new methods of synthesizing polyaniline particles for water-based coatings, to investigate the material properties of these particles such as molecular weight, electrical conductivity, particle size distribution, and stability of polyaniline in air and water. One method of polymerizing polyaniline for aqueous-based coatings uses micelles, which are composed of a cluster of amphiphile surfactants. Micelles can change the local environment by aligning and absorbing the monomer, and may yield polymers with improved material properties and reaction rates. Nonionic micelles have not been extensively investigated. Therefore the first specific goal of this work was to use an aqueous nonionic micelle solution of nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol surfactant (NP-30 surfactant) to comprehensively investigate a one step chemical polymerization of polyaniline conducted at ?3°C, in 1.25 M HCl, with ammonium peroxydisulfate oxidizer. The results show that increasing surfactant concentrations caused a decrease in molecular weight, electrical conductivity and sharper particle size distribution of the polymer. The second specific objective of this dissertation was to determine the effect of water and air on polyaniline. The results showed no degradation of molecular weight, a decrease in chloride and hydrogen composition, and decrease in electrical conductivity for polyaniline immersed in water for extended periods. A chloride ion diffusion coefficient of 2.5 to 74 × 10<super>?9</super> cm<super>2</super>/hour was measured. The aging of polyaniline powders in a desiccator for 5 years showed no effect on the molecular structure as indicated by the FTIR spectrum. The third specific goal of the research was to measure the real and imaginary refractive index of polyaniline saturated with 1.25 M HCl, which was found to be 1.345 to 1.355 and 0.025 to 0.027, respectively. This information is crucial to measuring the distribution of polyaniline colloids by light scattering
FIGURE 1 in Rediscovery of Impatiens parvifolia and reinstatement of I. omissa (Balsaminaceae) in India
No full textFIGURE 1. Inflorescences of I. goughii (A–B) and I. viscosa (C–D).Published as part of Anirudhan, Anitha Melesuparambil, Mani, Bince, Gnanasekaran, Gunadayalan & Thomas, Sinjumol, 2023, Rediscovery of Impatiens parvifolia and reinstatement of I. omissa (Balsaminaceae) in India, pp. 269-277 in Phytotaxa 589 (3) on page 270, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/777699
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Synergistic oxidation of NADH on bimetallic CoPt nanoparticles decorated carbon nitride nanotubes
No full textWe demonstrate that carbon nitride nanotube (CNNT) hybrids modified with CoPt nanoparticles (CoPt NPs) oxidize reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to a greater extent than carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or CNNTs alone due to synergistic interactions between the CNNTs and the CoPt NPs through the improved internal network. Heterogeneous nitrogen atoms in the sp(2) carbon network provide strong binding sites for in-situ synthesis of CoPt NPs of homogeneous size. The increase in heterogeneous charge transfer on the CoPt-CNNT hybrid electrode enhanced the electrochemical oxidation of NADH at a low applied potential compared to those for pristine CNTs or CNNTs. Our results suggest that CoPt-CNNT hybrids are highly stable and ideal for use in electrochemical sensing. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work was supported by the Global Research Laboratory (GRL) Program (K20704000003TA050000310) through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP), an International Cooperation program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (2011T100100369), the Nano Material Technology Development Program (2012M3A7B4035286), the Basic Science Research Program (2012R1A6A1029029), Mid-career Researcher Program (2013R1A2A2A03015161) and the World Class University (WCU) Program (R31-10092) through the NRF funded by the MSIP. This research was also supported by the Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (2009-0093881) and the Global Frontier R&D Program (2013M3A6B1078865) on Center for Hybrid Interface Materials (HIM) funded by the MSIP and the NRF of Korea (2011-0028737, 2012M1A2A2671813)
SnO2 encapsulated TiO2 hollow nanofibers as anode material for lithium ion batteries
No full textNanoparticulate SnO2 was encapsulated into TiO2 hollow nanofibers to achieve high energy density and robust electrochemical performance as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. The SnO2 encapsulated TiO2 hollow nanofibers exhibit improved electrochemical performances over the TiO2 hollow nanofibers, including a high discharge capacity of similar to 517 mAh g(-1) and doubled capacity at a 10 C rate. These improvements on electrochemical performances are attributed to favorable mechanics and kinetics associated with lithium.This work was financially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea through grant no. K20704000003TA050000310, the Global Research Laboratory Program provided by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in 2011, the International Cooperation program of the Korea Insitute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy (No. 2011T100100369) and the World Class University program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-10092)
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
FIGURE 3 in Rediscovery of Impatiens parvifolia and reinstatement of I. omissa (Balsaminaceae) in India
No full textFIGURE 3. Impatiens omissa: A-B. Inflorescence, C. Lateral sepals, D–E. Lower sepal, F. Dorsal petal, G–H. Lateral united petal, I. Pistil and stamen, J. Fruit, K. Seeds.Published as part of Anirudhan, Anitha Melesuparambil, Mani, Bince, Gnanasekaran, Gunadayalan & Thomas, Sinjumol, 2023, Rediscovery of Impatiens parvifolia and reinstatement of I. omissa (Balsaminaceae) in India, pp. 269-277 in Phytotaxa 589 (3) on page 273, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/777699
FIGURE 5 in Rediscovery of Impatiens parvifolia and reinstatement of I. omissa (Balsaminaceae) in India
No full textFIGURE 5. Impatiens parvifolia: A–B. Inflorescence, C. Lateral sepals, D–E. Lower sepal, F. Dorsal petal, G–H. Lateral united petal, I. Pistil and stamen, J. Fruit, K. Seeds.Published as part of Anirudhan, Anitha Melesuparambil, Mani, Bince, Gnanasekaran, Gunadayalan & Thomas, Sinjumol, 2023, Rediscovery of Impatiens parvifolia and reinstatement of I. omissa (Balsaminaceae) in India, pp. 269-277 in Phytotaxa 589 (3) on page 275, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/777699
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