1,721,164 research outputs found
Overview of Super-Compactness on Topological Spaces
No full textSuper compactness is a property of topological spaces that generalizes the concept of compactness. A topological space is super compact if every open cover has a finite sub-cover that is "super-refining," meaning that it can be further refined to an open cover with a smaller mesh. Super compactness was first introduced by E. Michael in his paper "A note on paracompact spaces" in 1951. In this paper, Michael introduced the concept of a super-refining open cover and proved that a space is super compact if and only if it is paracompact and has the property that every open cover has a super-refining open cover
Integrated spatial assessment of the water, energy and food dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals
No full textWater is considered the bloodstream of the biosphere, but its management is one of the most important challenges for human development. In view of the sustainable water management, several approaches have been proposed: Integrated Water Resources Management, Adaptive Management and, more recently, Waterâ\u80\u93Energyâ\u80\u93Food (WEF) Nexus. Considering these approaches, over the last few decades, extensive efforts have been made to develop assessment methods and tools framed within the paradigm of sustainable development. As part of a holistic assessment of water resources, the recent approach based upon the WEF Nexus narrows down the consideration of intersectoral linkages to three dimensions that are of prominent interest, in particular in developing countries. This study presents a comprehensive indicator-based approach for the assessment of water, energy and food securities, with reference to the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The main ambition of the proposed approach is to provide a tool to monitor progresses, compare different geographical areas, highlight synergies and conflicts amongst and within the three dimensions of the WEF Nexus, and provide support for improvedâ\u80\u94more effectiveâ\u80\u94management strategies to meet the goals. The proposed approach is demonstrated in the Gangesâ\u80\u93Brahmaputraâ\u80\u93Meghna (GBM) River Basin in Asia and to the Po River Basin in Europe. The comparative analysis suggests that WEF security is currently rather low in the GBM basin compared to the other case study and other parts of the world and allows the identification of which dimensions (indicators) require special attention on the part of local and global policy makers
Climate change impact and vulnerability assessment of water resources systems : the case of Lower Bramaputra River Basin
No full textBesides climatic change, current demographic trends, economic development and related land use changes have direct impact on increasing demand for freshwater resources. Taken together, the net effect of these supply and demand changes is affecting the vulnerability of water resources systems (WRSs), in which complex interactions of the social-ecological systems are in place. Therefore, for assessing vulnerability and risk of WRSs, the integrated contribution of several disciplines is required, enabling a comprehensive, but also dynamic description of present state and future trends. With the aim to integrate the assessment of risks of complex WRSs, this dissertation first focuses on the hydrologic impacts of climate change, with calculation of river flow thresholds, and the related water governance issues, and then it moves to the integrated assessment of vulnerability and risk of WRSs, with a focus on the development of operational approaches in the context of developing countries. The assessment has been conducted in the context of the Lower Brahmaputra River Basin (LBRB).Oltre ai cambiamenti climatici, l'evoluzione demografica, lo sviluppo economico e le relative variazioni di uso del suolo hanno un impatto diretto sulla crescente domanda di risorse di acqua dolce. Nel loro insieme, l'effetto netto di questi cambiamenti della domanda e dell'offerta sta interessando la vulnerabilità dei sistemi idrici (WRS). Pertanto, per valutare la vulnerabilità dei e il rischio per i WRSs, è necessaria non solo l’integrazione dei contributi di diverse discipline, consentendo un approccio globale, ma anche la rappresentazione dinamica delle tendenze attuali e future. Con l'obiettivo di integrare la valutazione dei rischi dei complessi WRS, questa tesi si concentra in primo luogo sugli impatti idrologici dei cambiamenti climatici, con il calcolo delle soglie di flusso del fiume Brahmaputra e l’inquadramento dei problemi relativi alla gestione delle sue acque, per poi passare a una valutazione integrata della vulnerabilità e del rischio del sistema socio-ecologico che ci interagisce, con una particolare attenzione allo sviluppo di approcci operativi nel contesto di paesi in via di sviluppo. La valutazione è stata condotta nel contesto del Basso bacino del fiume Brahmaputra (LBRB)
Tribology of Elastomers
No full textThis book highlights the tribological behavior of elastomers by investigating the effect of operating variables such as, the applied load and the abrasive particle size, and the materials’ mechanical properties such as, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and tear strength by the experimental, statistical and analytical methods. It is found that the wear mechanism is mostly friction wear, which is mixed with fatigue wear and abrading under higher applied loads or larger abrasives. The statistical method shows that the abrasive particle size has the highest contribution followed by the applied load on the wear process. Wear equation is developed to predict the wear rate considering the trends of the input variables.Ferial Hakami, Alokesh Pramanik, Animesh Kumar Basa
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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