1,720,965 research outputs found
Evidence-based recommendations of hemato-oncological guidelines: quality assessment and the role of industry-sponsored trials
Full text linkGuidelines in clinical practice play a fundamental role in applying evidence-based medicine or professional guidance to clinical practice. An increasing financial conflict of interest in clinical trials in general medicine has been illustrated in recent literature. Pharmaceutical-funded clinical drug trials yield positive outcomes for company products more frequently than independent trials do. In this line, we aimed to identify whether there is a role of conflict of interest (COls) in the hemato-oncology field. Thus, we searched hemato-oncological guidelines (April 1st, 2007 and March 31st, 2017) from the selected transnational societies by the experts in the field of hemato-oncology. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGS) and consensus statements complying with the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study and analysed the proportion of reported clinical trials funded by
industry and non-industry for each guideline. Quality assessments were performed with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE-11) tool. We identified 110 guidelines, of which 57 were excluded; 53 guidelines included were developed by 7 transnational societies. Overall, we identified 927 treatment recommendations made by 507 trial citations, of which 255 (50.3%) were industry and 252 (49.7%) non-industry sponsored. The AGREE-ll overall assessment score was less for specialised oncology developers (33.5%) than general guideline developers (52.8%). Of those six AGREE-Il domains, the applicability domain scored (19.8%) less for the oncology specialised concerning general guideline developers (41.0%). Concluding, we identified that the guidelines produced by ESMO, ELN and NCCN societies are driven to make recommendations by a greater proportion of industry-sponsored trials. The very low-quality score is reported in the guidelines established by the ELN, ESMO and NCCN society. Whereas AHS and BSH, medium-quality scores are registered. While the guidelines developed by CCO and NICE societies, higher quality scores are registered
Benefit sharing and globalisation of industry sponsored clinical trials for breast cancer research
No full textIntroduction: The burden of cancer is the greatest and rising most rapidly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The survival of breast cancer is especially poor in LMICs due to late stage presentation and inadequate access to therapy. Whereas low-income countries (LICs) suffer from a generalized lack of access to cancer care, in middle-income countries (MICs) such services and facilities may exist. However, highly-priced innovative medicines are often only affordable for certain subsets of the population, and good outcomes remain biased toward those who can pay. We carried out comprehensive analysis of the geographic distribution of breast cancer clinical trials involving at least one LMICs clinical site and trials evaluating costly innovative medicines.
Methodology: Data were extracted from clinicaltrials.gov registry (as of 30 Jun 2018). Advanced search filters used: (1) condition/disease: breast cancer; (2) study type: Interventional studies; (3) phases: I to IV; (4) funder type: industry. Countries were classified by income according to the World Bank (Fiscal year 2019).
Results: We analysed 1,746 trials. The fraction of phase III trials involving MICs sites was 55.36% (155/280) in which Lower-MICs (L-MICs) were 27.14% (76/280) and Upper-MICs (UMICs) were 54.64% (153/280). Smaller proportions of Phase I and II trials were conducted in MICs i.e. 5.92% (26/439) and 16.23% (161/992). Phase IV trials that involve MICs were 31.43% (11/35). No trials were conducted in LICs. L-MICs countries with the highest number of trials were India (n = 63) and Ukraine (n = 56) followed by Philippines (n = 23), Egypt (n = 17), and Pakistan (n = 10). For U MICs, Russian Federation (n = 141), Brazil (n = 113), China (n = 112), followed by Mexico (n = 88) and Turkey (n = 66).
Conclusion: Our analysis of the case of industry sponsored clinical trials with new, innovative medicines for breast cancer confirms previous observations with rarer blood cancers, that such trials are increasingly globalized, i.e., delocalized to countries that do not have the means to ensure (universal) access to high-cost medicines. Although substantial numbers of anti-cancer medicines are nowadays included in national lists of LMICs, their affordability and accessibility at country-level are often far from ensured. The relevance of benefit sharing in international research is still poorly understood. A legal framework formulating benefitsharing requirements in international research is necessar
Libro universitario: Letteratura, medicina e scienze sociali. Convergenze tra culture e linguaggi; Chapter- Per un’etica della condivisione dei benefici in tema di sperimentazione dei farmaci
No full text'Che le “due culture” abbiano bisogno l’una dell’altra è, nel pensiero di alcuni, affermazione, invero, che rasenta quasi la banalità. E la netta constatazione appare comprensibile se si considera che ad assumerla è uno studioso che la riferisce in modo particolare al mondo antico, nel quale la profonda influenza del pensiero greco ha generato riflessioni prive di soluzioni di continuità tra le due sfere del sapere: «da Aristotele a Posidonio a Seneca la conoscenza viene concepita e, nei limiti del possibile, praticata come totale, il che non vuol dire che ci furono allora soltanto temperamenti leonardeschi ma che – al di là degli ovvi limiti sogget-tivi – l’unità del sapere era un dato generalmente acquisito» (L. Canfora).
AI in SARS-CoV-2 outbreak
Full text linkArtificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have expanded their utilization in different fields of medicine. During the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, AI and ML were also applied for the evaluation and/or implementation of public health interventions aimed to flatten the epidemiological curve
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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