1,720,953 research outputs found
The effect of pharmacist-provided discharge counselling on medication knowledge and adherence among patients with cardiovascular diseases at Windhoek central hospital, Namibia
No full textA thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Pharmacy (Clinical Pharmacy)Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally and are a major contributor to reduced quality of life(1) . According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% were due to heart attack and stroke. Over three quarters of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. Sub-Saharan Africa is ravaged by a growing burden of CVDs (2). Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. HTN, as well as, heart failure (HF) are common causes of premature morbidity and mortality. They account for about 7.5 million deaths worldwide every year, with 82% occurring in low- and middle-income countries (3). HTN is defined as persistently elevated arterial blood pressure with a systolic blood pressure more than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure more than 90 mmHg (3). HTN is known as the “silent killer”, as uncontrolled HTN is often asymptomatic. Left untreated, HTN can lead to myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive HF, aneurysm, stroke, chronic kidney disease (HTN nephropathy), and HTN retinopathy (4). HF is a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs for blood and oxygen (4). Both HTN and HF require lifelong use of medications to prolong life, prevent complications, and reduce hospitalizations (3). Health care workers should accompany lifelong therapy with counselling, education, and adherence support. As medication experts, pharmacist are best placed to provide this support. 2 Counselling can be valuable at any point of the patient care journey but the current study focuses on the discharge stage. During inpatient hospital stay, a patient’s medications are administered by nurses and adherence is usually maintained. However, upon discharge, the patient (or a family member) must take responsibility for medication adherence in order to achieve and maintain their health status. The safety and efficacy of medication therapy depends on the correct information being shared with and understood by patients about their medication and patient understanding of that information (5). Therefore, the pharmacist undertaking discharge counselling should possess adequate knowledge and should be an effective communicator, making use of verbal and non-verbal communication skills (5). During medication counselling patients are provided with advice and information on their medicines. Patient counselling may be verbal or written, performed on an individual basis or in groups, and provided directly to the patient or caregiver (6). One of the pharmacist’s responsibilities is to optimize the patient's medication therapy by promoting adherence through good medication counseling. Pharmacists are ideally placed to provide useful medication counselling to patients at the time of discharge due to their extensive knowledge of medications (7). Providing tailored educational counselling and adequate information about medications, such as medication indications and clear instructions on medication use, improves adherence and increases patient confidence, self-efficacy and understanding on how to take their medications (8). Previous studies suggest that direct pharmacist interaction with patients through medication reconciliation, discharge counselling, and post discharge phone calls decreases the number of adverse drug events (ADEs) and plays a positive role in transitional care (9). For example, a study done by Fernandez and colleagues on the effect of pharmacist interventions on antidepressant medication adherence in 3 outpatients concluded that patients who received a pharmacist intervention were over 60% more likely to adhere to their medication than those who did not (OR=1.6, [95% Cl 1.2 to 2.2]) (10). Furthermore, some studies(11,12) have demonstrated the benefits of interventions provided by pharmacists in improving adherence and other patient outcomes. In addition to improved adherence, pharmacists can play an important role in the prevention of readmissions by counselling patients and providing relevant medication information. A study by Jackevicius et al., showed that after acute myocardial infarction, nearly 24% of patients did not fill their medications within seven days of discharge, and one third of patients decided to stop at least one medication in the first month (13). The relationship between medication knowledge and medication adherence is complicated. Some studies suggest that improved medication knowledge improves adherence (14), although, other reports show that counselling has little or no effect on adherence (15). Providing counselling to in-patients is one of the important tasks of hospital pharmacists. This study evaluated the impact of pharmacist-provided discharge counselling on patients’ medication knowledge and adherence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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