7 research outputs found
STUDIES ON THE FORMULATION, PHYSICAL STABILITY, AND IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TEA TREE OIL (MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA) NANOEMULSION GEL
Full text linkObjective: This study aimed to formulate tea tree oil into a nanoemulsion gel dosage form and evaluate its physical stability and antibacterial activity.Methods: Nanoemulsion gels were formulated with various concentrations of tea tree oil, namely, 5%, 7%, and 9%, using Tween-80 as a surfactantand propylene glycol as a cosurfactant. The tea tree oil nanoemulsion gels showed a stable physical appearance over 8 weeks of storage at lowtemperature (4±2°C) and room temperature (25±2°C), cycling test, and centrifugation test.Results: The best formula was nanoemulsion gel formulation 1 (F1), which contained 5% tea tree oil, due to its good stability, smaller globule size,and greater viscosity. The results for antibacterial activity, determined by in vitro study, showed that the tea tree oil nanoemulsion gels exhibitedantibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes through the formation of an inhibition zone.Conclusion: Higher concentrations of tea tree oil in nanoemulsion gels (5%, 7%, and 9%) showed greater mean inhibition zones (28.33±0.88 mm,30.33±0.33 mm, and 31.67±0.33 mm, respectively).</jats:p
Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Learning in Shaping Students' Muslim Personality at Indah Integrated Islamic Private Junior High School Medan
Full text linkThis research will describe how implementing Islamic religious education shapes the Muslim personalities of students at the Indah Integrated Islamic Private Junior High School in Medan. The method used in this research is qualitative. The subjects determined in this study are Islamic religious education teachers. Then, the author uses interviews, observation, and documentation in the data collection. While the technical analysis that the author uses involves data reduction techniques, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, the results showed that implementing Islamic religious education has a positive effect on forming students' personalities. Students become better in terms of attitude, behaviour, and morals. First, the Islamic religious education curriculum at Indah Integrated Islamic Private Junior High School focuses on developing a comprehensive understanding of Islamic values and teachings. Secondly, the school uses an integrated approach to religious education, integrating religious and academic learning. Thirdly, this integrated approach successfully instils moral and ethical values alongside academic knowledge. Fourthly, the school's efforts in promoting Islamic education are visible in students' behaviour and learning
Detection of Mycobacterium leprae using real-time PCR in paucibacillary leprosy patients with negative acid-fast bacilli smears
No full textBACKGROUND Leprosy is an infectious disease that is still a health problem worldwide, including in Indonesia. The clinical symptoms are similar to other skin diseases and it is difficult to establish a diagnosis for paucibacillary (PB) leprosy. Current serological and histopathological tests have limitations, especially in patients with negative acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Serological tests often give false-negative results, while histopathological results often consist of non-specific inflammation. Probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays is an alternative test that may be more sensitive and more specific to detect Mycobacterium leprae.
METHODS This study was done in June 2015 until March 2016; detected M. leprae in PB patients with negative AFB smears using TaqMan® probe-based RT-PCR assay on slit skin scrapings and skin biopsy specimens from 24 patients. The skin scrapings were obtained from skin tissue on ear lobes, skin lesions, as well as those from biopsy. Samples were tested with RT-PCR while histopathological examinations were only performed on skin from biopsy.
RESULTS The RT-PCR assay showed positive results of 21%, 25%, and 96% for specimens obtained from skin scrapings of the ear lobe, skin lesions, and skin biopsy, respectively. On the other hand, the positive rate for the histopathological test from skin biopsy was 79%. It indicated that the TaqMan® RT-PCR assay could increase the diagnostic capacity of histopathological examination by as much as 17%.
CONCLUSIONS TaqMan® PCR assay can improve the diagnostic capacity of histopathological examinations, which could be used as the new gold standard for the diagnosis of leprosy
The Effect of Near-work Activity TIME to the Incidence of Myopia in Children
No full textMyopia has been a global problem leading to visual impairment and blinding complications with associated factors including time spent outdoor and near-work activity time. Excessive near-work activities are inevitable in children nowadays. However, the association between near-work activity time and myopia are still inconsistent between studies. The aim of this study is to review whether excessive near-work activities is associated with myopia incidence. A literature search on six different database (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Clinical Key, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost). Articles matched with inclusion criteria were appraised using Therapeutic Study Critical Appraisal Tool by CEEBM, University of Oxford. Three cohort trials were obtained from the literature search. Incidence of myopia and the hazard ratio (HR) in Ku et al, Tsai et al, and You et al are 27.7%, HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.03-1.68) for ≥2 hours/day cram school attendance; 25.2% HR 1.12 (95%CI 1.02-1.22) for ≥5 hours/week after-school program; 16% HR 1.05 (0.96-1.16) for ≥2.95 ± 1.72 hours/day near work time, respectively. The protective factor pointed out by the studies was outdoor time. Tsai et al showed HR 0.90 (95%CI 0.82-0.99, p<0.001) for ≥30 minute time spent on outdoor activities after school on weekdays; and Ku et al showed a protective dose-response relationship (p<0.001) between increased outdoor activity time and myopia. Near-work activity is a strong risk factor candidate for myopia incidence, while outdoor activity is a strong protective candidate. Hubungan Aktivitas Jarak Dekat terhadap Insidens Miopia pada Anak Miopia merupakan penyakit mata terbanyak yang dapat mengakibatkan kebutaan. Faktor yang berpengaruh antara lain aktivitas luar ruangan dan aktivitas jarak dekat. Pada era milenial olahraga luar ruangan jarang dilakukan dan aktivitas jarak dekat sangat melekat dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau hubungan aktivitas jarak dekat dengan insidens miopia. Pencarian melalui enam basis data ilmiah (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Clinical Key, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost) menghasilkan tiga studi kohort yang selanjutnya ditelaah menggunakan Therapeutic Study Critical Appraisal Tool by CEEBM, University of Oxford. Insidens miopia dan hazard ratio (HR) aktivitas jarak dekat pada Ku et al, Tsai et al, dan You et al adalah 27,7%, HR 1,31 (95% CI 1,03-1,68) untuk ≥2 jam/hari les akademik; 25,2% HR 1,12 (95% CI 1,02-1,22) untuk ≥5 jam/minggu program akademik; 16% HR 1,05 (0,96-1,16) untuk ≥2,95 ± 1,72 jam/hari aktivitas jarak dekat. Aktivitas luar ruangan merupakan faktor protektif terhadap insidens miopia dengan HR 0,90 (95% CI 0,82-0,99, p<0,001) untuk ≥30 menit kegiatan luar ruangan pada hari kerja. Terdapat hubungan dosis-respons protektif (p<0,001) antara aktivitas luar ruangan dan miopia. Aktivitas jarak dekat merupakan faktor risiko kuat untuk miopia sedangkan aktivitas luar ruangan merupakan faktor protektif.  
The Effect of Near-work Activity Time to The Incidence of Myopia in Children
No full textMyopia has been a global problem leading to visual impairment and blinding complications with associated factors including time spent outdoor and near-work activity time. Excessive near-work activities are inevitable in children nowadays. However, the association between near-work activity time and myopia are still inconsistent between studies. The aim of this study is to review whether excessive near-work activities is associated with myopia incidence. A literature search on six different database (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Clinical Key, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost). Articles matched with inclusion criteria were appraised using Therapeutic Study Critical Appraisal Tool by CEEBM, University of Oxford. Three cohort trials were obtained from the literature search. Incidence of myopia and the hazard ratio (HR) in Ku et al, Tsai et al, and You et al are 27.7%, HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.03-1.68) for ≥2 hours/day cram school attendance; 25.2% HR 1.12 (95%CI 1.02-1.22) for ≥5 hours/week after-school program; 16% HR 1.05 (0.96-1.16) for ≥2.95 ± 1.72 hours/day near work time, respectively. The protective factor pointed out by the studies was outdoor time. Tsai et al showed HR 0.90 (95%CI 0.82-0.99, p<0.001) for ≥30 minute time spent on outdoor activities after school on weekdays; and Ku et al showed a protective dose-response relationship (p<0.001) between increased outdoor activity time and myopia. Near-work activity is a strong risk factor candidate for myopia incidence, while outdoor activity is a strong protective candidate. Hubungan Aktivitas Jarak Dekat terhadap Insidens Miopia pada Anak Miopia merupakan penyakit mata terbanyak yang dapat mengakibatkan kebutaan. Faktor yang berpengaruh antara lain aktivitas luar ruangan dan aktivitas jarak dekat. Pada era milenial olahraga luar ruangan jarang dilakukan dan aktivitas jarak dekat sangat melekat dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau hubungan aktivitas jarak dekat dengan insidens miopia. Pencarian melalui enam basis data ilmiah (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Clinical Key, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost) menghasilkan tiga studi kohort yang selanjutnya ditelaah menggunakan Therapeutic Study Critical Appraisal Tool by CEEBM, University of Oxford. Insidens miopia dan hazard ratio (HR) aktivitas jarak dekat pada Ku et al, Tsai et al, dan You et al adalah 27,7%, HR 1,31 (95% CI 1,03-1,68) untuk ≥2 jam/hari les akademik; 25,2% HR 1,12 (95% CI 1,02-1,22) untuk ≥5 jam/minggu program akademik; 16% HR 1,05 (0,96-1,16) untuk ≥2,95 ± 1,72 jam/hari aktivitas jarak dekat. Aktivitas luar ruangan merupakan faktor protektif terhadap insidens miopia dengan HR 0,90 (95% CI 0,82-0,99, p<0,001) untuk ≥30 menit kegiatan luar ruangan pada hari kerja. Terdapat hubungan dosis-respons protektif (p<0,001) antara aktivitas luar ruangan dan miopia. Aktivitas jarak dekat merupakan faktor risiko kuat untuk miopia sedangkan aktivitas luar ruangan merupakan faktor protektif.  
Sistem Pengajaran Alquran Menurut Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya Bin Syarf Annawawi Dalam Kitab Attibyan Fi Adab Ḥamalat Alquran
Full text linkThe description given by Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi in the book Attibyan Fi Adab Ḥamalat Al-Qur'an is in the form of what an ideal Al-Qur'an educational institution should be, what are the criteria for teachers in teaching the Al-Qur'an, what are the manners of Al-Qur'an students. Then the author tries to find out whether there is still any relevance between the description of the relevance system for teaching the Al-Qur'an according to Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi and the current system for teaching the Al-Qur'an. The type of research is qualitative research with a library research approach because the research requires books, and in this case the book or book Attibyan Fi Adab Ḥamalat Al-Quran by Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi is the primary data. Apart from that, this research also uses a character study approach, because in this research we also look for writings and opinions, either in Imam Nawawi's books or from people who quote his opinions. The author's findings in this research are that Al-Qur'an educational institutions must have correct goals and management, then Al-Qur'an teachers must have expertise and morals as Al-Qur'an teachers, then Al-Qur'an students must has the etiquette as a student of the Qur'an, and after reviewing it again, there is relevance between the thoughts of Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi in the book Attibyan Fi Adab Ḥamalat of the Qur'an and the system of teaching the Qur'an in Indonesia.
Abstrak
Gambaran yang diberikan Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi dalam kitab Attibyan Fi Adab Ḥamalat Al-Qur’an ini berupa bagaimana idealnya lembaga pendidikan Alquran itu, bagaimana kriteria guru dalam pengajaran Alquran, bagaimana adab pelajar Alquran tersebut. Kemudian penulis mencoba mencari tau apakah masih ada relevansi antara gambaran sistem relevansi pengajaran Alquran menurut Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi dengan sistem pengajaran Alquran yang sekarang. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan (Library Research) karena dalam penelitiannya diperlukan buku-buku, dan dalam hal ini buku atau kitab Attibyan Fi Adab Ḥamalat Al-Qur’an karya Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi adalah sebagai data primernya. Selain itu penelitian ini juga memakan pendekatan studi tokoh, karena dalam penelitian ini juga di cari tulisan, ucapan pendapat, baik di dalam kitab-kitab Imam Nawawi atau dari orang-orang yang mengutip pendapat beliau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lembaga pendidikan Alquran harus memiliki tujuan dan pengelolaan yang benar, kemudian pengajar Alquran harus memiliki keahlian, serta akhlak sebagai pengajar Alquran, kemudian pelajar Alquran harus memiliki adab-adab sebagai pelajar Alquran, dan setelah ditelaah kembali bahwa terdapat relevansi antara pemikiran Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi dalam kitab Attibyan Fi Adab Ḥamalat Al-Qur’an dengan sistem pengajaran Alquran yang ada di IndonesiaGambaran yang diberikan Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi dalam kitab Attibyan Fi Adab Ḥamalat Alquran ini berupa bagaimana idealnya lembaga pendidikan Al-Qur’an itu, bagaimana kriteria guru dalam pengajaran Al-Qur’an, bagaimana adab pelajarAl-Qur’an tersebut. Kemudian penulis mencba mencari tau apakah masih ada relevansi antara gambaran sistem relevansi pengajaran Al-Qur’an menurut Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi dengan sistem pegajaran Al-Qur’an yang sekarang. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan (Library Research) karena dalam penelitiannya diperlukan buku-buku, dan dalam hal ini buku atau kitab Attibyan Fi Adab Ḥamalat Alquran karya Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi adalah sebagai data peimernya. Selain itu penelitian ini juga memakan pendekatan studi tokoh, karena dalam penelitian ini juga di cari tulisan, ucapan pendapat, baik di dalam kitab-kitab Imam Nawawi atau dari orang-orang yang mengutip pendapat beliau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lembaga pendidikan Al-Qur’an harus memiliki tujuan dan pengelolaan yang benar, kemudian pengajar Al-Qur’an harus memiliki keahlian, serta akhlak sebagai pengajar Al-Qur’an, kemudian pelajar Al-Qur’an harus memiliki adab-adab sebagai pelajar Al-Qur’an, dan setelah ditelaah kembali bahwa terdapat relevansi antara pemikiran Imam Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Syarf Annawawi dalam kitab Attibyan Fi Adab Ḥamalat Alquran dengan sistem pengajaran Al-Qur’an yang ada di Indonesi
Quaternary Ammonium Compound Disinfectant Efficacy Test on The Patients’ Environment in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital
No full text The increasing prevalence of hospital-acquired infection continues to be a global concern until today. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacies of Caviwipe® and 70% alcohol tissue in the prevention of hospital-acquired infection. This experimental study was conducted on 36 equipment samples in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during April–August 2015. A total of 144 surface samples were collected before and after the disinfection process by both the disinfectants. The sample equipment used and placed in the agar plate for a short period of time; the plates were then incubated. The colony numbers of grown bacteria and fungi were calculated. The data were numerically reported as the microbial colony count. Data were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows. Paired t-test was used for the statistical analysis. The mean colony counts before disinfection by 70% alcohol tissue and Caviwipe® were 11.75 and 17.58, respectively. Meanwhile, the average colony counts after disinfection with 70% alcohol tissue and Caviwipe® were 0.138 and 0.222, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the mean of the colony count before and after disinfection with both disinfectants (p>0.05). Separately, a significant difference of colony count between before and after the disinfection process for each disinfectant was seen (p<0.05). The mean reduction in the colony counts after disinfection by both disinfectants indicates that there is no significant difference (p>0.05) in the efficacies between the Caviwipe® and 70% alcohol tissue in reducing the amount of bacteria and fungi present on the surfaces of the equipment placed close to the patients in a hospital environment. Keywords: disinfectant, environment, hospital, alcohol, Caviwipe®. Uji Efikasi Disinfektan Quaternary Ammonium Compound Disinfectant di Lingkungan Pasien di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Abstrak Peningkatan prevalensi infeksi yang didapat di rumah sakit masih menjadi perhatian hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan efektivitas Caviwipe® dan tisu alkohol 70% dalam upaya pencegahan infeksi yang didapat di rumah sakit. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan pada bulan April–August 2015 dengan 36 sampel peralatan di rumah sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Terdapat 144 titik pengambilan sampel permukaan lingkungan dan peralatan, sebelum dan sesudah disinfeksi dengan kedua disinfektan. Sampel diambil dengan contact agar lalu diinkubasi, kemudian dihitung jumlah koloni bakteri dan jamur yang tumbuh. Data jumlah koloni mikroba dilaporkan sebagai data numerik dan dianalisis dengan perangkat lunak SPSS untuk Windows. Analisis statistik menggunakan paired-t-test. Hitung koloni sebelum disinfeksi dengan tisu alkohol 70% dan Caviwipe® adalah 11,7 dan 17,58. Rerata jumlah koloni sesudah disinfeksi dengan tisu alkohol 70% dan Caviwipe® adalah 0,138 dan 0,222. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara rerata jumlah koloni sebelum dan sesudah disinfeksi dengan kedua jenis disinfektan (p>0,05). Masing-masing disinfektan menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah koloni sebelum dan sesudah disinfeksi (p<0,05). Penurunan rerata jumlah koloni sesudah disinfeksi antara kedua disinfektan tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05). Efikasi antara Caviwipe® dan tisu alkohol 70% dalam menurunkan jumlah bakteri dan jamur di lingkungan rumah sakit yang dekat dengan pasien juga tidak berbeda bermakna. Kata kunci: disinfektan, lingkungan, rumah sakit, alkohol, Caviwipe® 
