1,720,977 research outputs found
Le grandi isole del Mediterraneo occidentale: Sicilia Sardinia Corsica
No full textLa sintesi proposta dell’archeologia della Sicilia romana, seppure all’interno di limiti tassativi previsti nel progetto editoriale della collana che la ospita, e di uno schema concepito per tutte le circoscrizioni dell’impero romano, ha dato per la prima volta l’opportunità di riconsiderare la provincia Sicilia secondo una visuale più ampia – quella appunto dell’Impero – in un’ottica necessariamente svincolata dal giudizio di valore (negativo, nella critica moderna) sul quadro dell’isola al confronto con il periodo pre-romano, da un lato, e la “rinascita” tardoantica, dall’altro. La Sicilia romana ha infatti risentito di un persistente pregiudizio storiografico, insito nella sua natura di regione dell’Italia ma al contempo da questa distinta (isola e provincia), sede prima dell’annessione all’impero di prestigiose realtà politico-culturali al cui studio si sono dedicate ben maggiori energie, mentre l’esame delle dinamiche ed esiti della provincializzazione restava per lo più vincolato ai clichés delle fonti letterarie (ovviamente poco interessate ai fenomeni di lunga durata e di scarso rilievo evenemenziale registrati dall’archeologia), trascurandosi i dati materiali e l’incidenza dei fattori della “romanizzazione”, nei termini complessi che l’indagine sulle altre realtà provinciali contribuisce a mettere in luce. Una riflessione criticamente aggiornata e l’accrescimento esponenziale dei dati archeologici forniti dalle indagini sul campo, in particolare dopo l’edizione nel 1990 della prima monografia sull’archeologia della Sicilia romana (limitata all’età imperiale) ad opera di Roger Wilson, hanno consentito di delineare un quadro nuovo, seppure “in fieri”, non solo delle conoscenze, assai più consistenti di quanto solo pochi anni prima non s’immaginasse, ma anche dei punti critici e delle prospettive di approfondimento demandate a future ricerche, finalmente orientate verso approcci più sistematici e pluralistici. Un dato di estremo rilievo è la possibilità, adesso, di articolare diacronicamente e sincronicamente i fenomeni, come appare nelle sezioni dedicate alla città e al territorio e allo sfruttamento delle risorse e alle attività produttive, che lasciano percepire la ricchezza di spunti per ulteriori indagini, ma anche alla variegata fisionomia culturale, degna di specifico interesse. A fronte di un’immagine statica e negativa del periodo provinciale, sotto il segno del regresso e, tutt’al più, della “fossilizzazione” di aspetti culturali risalenti alla fase preromana prima del “risveglio” nel IV secolo d.C., legato agli interessi del patriziato romano e al potenziamento dell’asse Roma-Africa (di cui è emblema la celebre villa di Piazza Armerina), un’analisi non preconcetta dei dati consente di cogliere invece una serie di dinamiche evolutive, con importanti momenti di svolta nella fase delle due prime guerre puniche, tra il tardo II e il primo terzo del I secolo a.C., sotto Augusto, di nuovo dall’avanzato I secolo d.C. e nell’età dei Severi, e infine nel Tardo Antico; e soprattutto una varietà e complessità di situazioni specifiche che rispondono a differenze di sostrati e dati economico-ambientali, a fattori politici e culturali che innescano fenomeni di adeguamento e linee di sviluppo materialmente percepibili, in relazione sia con l’Urbe e le sue classi dirigenti, sia con il contesto mediterraneo nelle cui reti di connettività s’inserisce l’isola, attraverso i suoi poli produttivi ed economico-culturali via via emergenti
NGN2-based neuronal programming of hiPSCs in an automated microfluidic platform
No full textThe generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via somatic cell reprogramming allowed to have an unlimited in vitro source of patient-specific cells.This achievement has introduced a new revolutionary way to create human in vitro models and to study human diseases starting from patient's own cells, especially important for inaccessible tissues like the brain.Recently, lab-on-a-chip technology has opened new reliable alternatives to conventional in vitro models able to replicate key aspects of human physiology, thanks to the intrinsic high surface-area-to-volume ratio, which allows fine control of the cellular microenvironment.The development of automated microfluidic platforms allowed the implementation of this technology to perform high-throughput, standardized and parallelized assays, suitable for drug screenings and developing new therapeutic approaches in a cost-effective way. However, the major challenges in the broad application of automated lab-on-a-chip in biological research are the lack of production robustness and ease of use of the devices.Here, we present an automated microfluidic platform able to host the rapid conversion of human iPSCs (hiPSCs) into neurons via viral-mediated overexpression of Neurogenin 2 (NGN2) in a user-friendly manner. The design of the platform, built with multilayer soft-lithography techniques, shows easiness in the fabrication and assembly thanks to the simple geometry and experimental reproducibility at the same time.All operations are managed automatically, from the cell seeding, medium change, doxycycline-mediated neuronal induction, selection of the genetically engineered cells, and analysis of the output of differentiation, including immunofluorescence assay. Our results show a high-throughput, efficient and homogenous conversion of hiPSCs into neurons in 10 days, characterized by the expression of the mature neuronal marker MAP2 and calcium signaling.The neurons-on-chip model here described represents a fully automated loop system able to address the challenges in the field of neurological diseases modelling in vitro and improve current preclinical models
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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