177,147 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Evidence of diagnostic enhancement pattern in hepatocellular carcinoma nodules ≤2 cm according to the AASLD/EASL revised criteria
No full textPurpose: To define the percentage of small (£2 cm)
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules showing the
diagnostic enhancement pattern at CEUS, computed
tomography (CT), and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-
BOPTA)—enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
Methods: 42 cirrhotic patients (26 male, 16 female;
67 ± 12 years) with 46 biopsy-proven HCCs £2 cm were
included. Each HCC was scanned by CEUS, contrastenhanced
CT, and Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MR imaging.
Nodule enhancement was evaluated by two readers.
Independent analysis was followed by consensual analysis
and the proportion of HCCs with the diagnostic
enhancement pattern (nodule hyperenhancing on hepatic
arterial phase and hypoenhancing on portal venous—late
phase) on CEUS, CT, and MR imaging was compared
by chi-square test.
Results: Very good inter-reader agreement was observed
on hepatic arterial phase and portal venous—late phase:
CEUS, k = 0.89 and 0.85; CT, k = 0.91 and 0.88; MR
imaging, k = 0.96 and 0.94. CEUS and CT did not
differ in the percentage of HCC nodules with a diagnostic
enhancement pattern (18/46 and 16/46; P = 0.66),
while MR imaging revealed the diagnostic pattern in
higher percentage of nodules (29/46; P = 0.012) in
comparison to CEUS and CT.
Conclusions: CEUS and contrast-enhanced CT did not
differ in the percentage of small HCC nodules with
diagnostic enhancement pattern, while Gd-BOPTAenhanced
MR imaging revealed the diagnostic pattern
in a higher nodule number in comparison to CEUS and
CT
Attività antagonistica, in vitro, di Bacillus velezensis nei confronti di funghi responsabili del "Mal del piede" dei cereali
No full textOne of the most dangerous durum wheat diseases in Southern Italy is foot rot and root rot
complex. Soil borne durum wheat pathogens as Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium
acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. compactum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. graminearum,
sambucinum, Microdochium nivale, Rhizoctonia cerealis are difficult to control because
they are not readily identifiable, and above all, because they survive, for many years, without
their hosts, in the soil through durable spores. Environmental pollution due to agrochemicals
and food safety had led to demanding alternatives to diseases chemical control. For an
environmental friendly control, interesting application prospects are the use of
microorganisms. This study was conducted to evaluate the antagonistic activity, invitro, of
Bacillus velezensis against B. sorokiniana, F. culmorum, F. sambucinum and R. cerealis,
same of the most dangerous pathogens responsible of foot root and root rot complex, in
Sicily
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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