194 research outputs found
Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Pituitary-Spesific Positive Transcription Factor 1 (Pit1|StuI) Exon 3 pada Sapi FH dengan Metode PCR-RFLP
No full textPituitary-Specific Positive Transcription Factor 1 (Pit1, POUIF1 or GHF1) gene is a member of the tissue-specific POU-containing transcription factor family. The expression of Pit1 in mammalian pituitary gland is to control the transcription of the genes encoding growth hormone, prolactin (PRL) and the subunits of thyroid-stimulating hormone. This study was aimed to identify polymorphism of the pituitary specific positive transcription factor 1 (Pit1) exon 3 gene in Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle. Total number of samples were 286 heads from BIB Lembang (14), BBIB Singosari (25), BPPT-SP Cikole (81), KPSBU Pasir Kemis (93), and KPSBU Cilumber (73) using PCR-RFLP method by StuI restriction enzyme. Genotyping the Pit1 exon 3 gene resulted in two alleles, namely A and C , with three genotypes, namely AA, AC, and CC. The average frequency of the C allele followed by HF cattle in five places was higher (0,916) than the A allele (0,084). CC genotype had the highest average frequency (0,874) than the AC genotype (0,084) and the AA genotype (0,042). Chi-Square analysis showed that HF from BBIB Singosari were in Hardy-Weinberg (HW) equilibrium (2 2(0,05)) and HF in BIB Lembang and KPSBU Cilumber could not be calculated equilibrium HW. The average values of heterozigosity observation (Ho) for HF studied were under the values of heterozigosity expectation (He), therefore the genetic variation of the Pit1|StuI exon 3 gene was low in these cattles
Identifikasi Keragaman Gen ATP Binding Cassette (ABCG2|PstI) pada Sapi Friesian Holstein dengan Metode PCR-RFLP
No full textATP Binding Cassette (ABCG2) has effects on milk production and composition. Reseptor which is encoded by the ABCG2 gene on alveoli epitel of mammary gland will bind its specific substrates, such as riboflavin, that are actively secreted, so milk will be rich of riboflavin. This study was aimed to identify the ABCG2 gene polymorphism in Holstein Friesian (HF) by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. This study used HF cattle by 224 heads from seven locations (BBIB Singasari, BIB Lembang, BPPTU Baturaden, BET Cipelang, BPPT-SP Cikole, KPSBU Pasir Kemis, and Cilumber). Data were analyzed for genotype frequency, allele frequency, and PIC value. Genotyping analysis resulted two alleles, namely A allele (292 bp) and C allele (268 bp, 24 bp); that resulted three genotypes, namely AA, AC, and CC. Analysis of genotype frequency resulted that AA homozygous was very highest (0.964) vs AC heterozygous (0.031) and CC homozygous (0.004); with allele frequency (A = 0.98; C = 0.02). PIC value ranged 0.000-0.189. This study concluded that ABCG2|PstI were polimorphic in 2 tested populations, the exception of monomorphic was in BBIB Singasari and BET Cipelang
Identifikasi keragaman Gen Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR AluI) pada Sapi Friesian Holstein di BIB Lembang, BBIB Singosari, dan BET Cipelang.
Get PDFGrowth hormone receptor (GHR) is one factor affecting animal growth. GHR is required by growth hormone (GH) to carry out its effect on target tissues. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Receptor gene in Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cattle and beef cattle. Genotyping was performed on 126 animals. These consisted of HF 89 heads from BIB Lembang (17), BBIB Singosari (32), and BET Cipelang (40); as well as for 37 heads of four breeds of beef cattle including for Simmental (13), Limousin (14), Brahman (5), and Angus (5) for a comparison. Varian genetic of the GHR gene was identified by PCR-RFLP method using AluI restriction enzyme cutting the base position at AG|CT. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had been found in exon 10, coding for the cytoplasmic domain of GHR, which was located at position 81 bp (A/G) induced amino acid substitutions Ser/Gly. The product of amplification of GHR was 298 bp. Genotyping the GHR gene produced two alleles (A and G) resulting three genotypes (AA, AG and GG). The genotype AA was dominant in HF cattle from all locations, and also in Brahman and Limousin cattle from BET Cipelang. All of HF dairy cattle were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (χhit 2>χ0,05 2), in contrast, Simmental and Limousin were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Hardy-Weinberg in Brahman and Angus values could not be calculated. Heterozigosity values in HF and beef cattle were low (ho<he). In beef cattle, Angus had highest heterozigosity value (0,600), while Brahman had the lowest heterozigosity value (0.000). The conclusion was that the variability of GHR|AluI gene can be used as a basic information for selection in growth caracteristic in the HF and beef cattle. Keywords: Beef cattle, Genetic polymorphism, GHR|AluI gene
evaluasi potensi genetik sifat pertumbuhan pejantan kambing PE dan Saanen di balai penelitian ternak, Ciawi- Bogor
Get PDFEtawah Grade (EG) and Saanen goats are two types of small ruminant commonly raised for producing milk in Indonesia. Milk yield can be increased by doing selection programs based on breeding value (EBV) in order to obtain superior bukcs. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic quality growth trait of EG and Saanen bucks at the Research Institute for Animal Production (RIAP), Ciawi-Bogor. This research used 136 kids from 8 EG buks and 48 kids from 2 Saanen bucks from RIAP, Ciawi-Bogor. The data came from the recording in 2006 until 2009. Variables measured were birth weight and weaning weight then analyzed by t-test, weaning weight data were standardized to the age of 120 days and corrected to the type of single births and male (Saanen), and corrected to the type of twin births and female (EG). Heritability was calculated by the method of paternal half sibs, and the value of breeding (Breeding Value) was calculated by the Contemporary Comparison method. The results showed that male EG birth weight was 3,20±0,67 kg, while female birth weight was 2,87±0,60 kg. Male Saanen birth weight was 3,31±0,39 kg, while female birth weight was 2,98±0,39 kg. Etawah Grade birth weight in single birth was 3,28±0,69 kg and twins was 2,83±0,53 kg. Saanen birth weight in single birth was 3,33±0,69 kg, and twins was 2,94±0,21 kg. Heritability of EG birth weight and weaning weight were classified as high (0,50±0,34 and 0,56±0,36). Heritability of Saanen birth weight was 0,36 ± 0,68, this value was classified as moderate. Etawah Grade bucks with high breeding value (BV) was the identity number 261 (0,77), whereas that in Saanen buck was the identity number 9021 (0,49)
Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Pituitary Specific Positive Transcription Factor1 (Pit1|Hinf1) pada Sapi Friesian Holstein di BIB Lembang, BBIB Singosari, dan BET Cipelang
Get PDFGene Pit-1 or POU1F1 or GHF1 is identified as the pituitary specific transcription factor that regulates the expression of the growth hormone (GH) and Prolactin (PRL) genes in the anterior pituitary. This study was aimed to identify polymorphism of the Pit1|Hinf1 gene from the collected DNA extraction by using Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. A total of 89 dairy cattles, were used from BIB Lembang (17 hds), BBIB Singosari (32 hds), and BET Cipelang (40 hds). A totally number of 37 beef cattle that were used for a comparison, namely Simmental (12 hds), Limousin (14 hds), Angus (5 hds), and Brahman (5 hds) from BET Cipelang. Three genotypes were indentified, namely AA (611 bp), AB (611 bp, 367 bp, 244 bp) and BB (367 bp, 244bp), genotypes resulting two alleles namely A and B alleles. The frequency of the B allele was higher than that of A allele (B=0.625-0.794 vs A=0.206-0.375); meanwhile in beef cattle the frequencies of these two alleles were diverse by breeds. The Pit1 gene in dairy cattle and beef cattle of Simmental and Limousin was in an equilibrium (χ2calculation<χ2table), while those for Angus and Brahman could not be analized. The highest heterozygosity value of dairy cattle was found in population BET Cipelang, while in beef cattle the highest one was in Brahman. The conclusion was that Pit1|Hinf1 gene in HF cattle from BIB Lembang, BBIB Singosari, and BET Cipelang; as well as beef cattle from BET Cipelang were polymorphic
Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Alpha-S1 Casein g.12164G>A pada Kambing Perah di Balitnak
No full textPolimorfisme gen Alpha-S1 Casein (CSN1S1) berimplikasi pada keragaman komposisi susu dan kualitas curd keju. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen CSN1S1 g.12164G>A, berasal dari 67 set DNA terdiri dari kambing PE 5 ekor, saanen 8 ekor, Sapera 51 ekor, dan SaanPE 3 ekor di Balitnak. Polimorfisme diidentifikasi menggunakan PCR-RFLP enzim DdeI standar Phenol-chloroform. Keragaman gen dianalisis menggunakan program Popgen32. Amplifikasi menghasilkan panjang fragmen 438 bp. Enzim DdeI memotong produk PCR menjadi 3 fragmen, yakni 192 pb, 145 pb, dan 101 pb, dinyatakan sebagai alel G, sedangkan alel A apabila terpotong menjadi 2 fragmen, yaitu 337 pb dan 101 pb. Frekuensi alel G tertinggi terdapat pada kambing saanen (0.625), Sapera (0.578), PE (0.400) dan terendah SaanPE (0.333). Frekuensi alel A tertinggi terdapat pada kambing SaanPE (0.667), PE (0.600), Sapera (0.422) dan terendah pada kambing saanen (0.375). Keragamaan tertinggi terdapat pada kambing saanen (0.75). Sebagian besar kambing perah pengamatan berada dalam kesetimbangan Hardy-Weinberg, terkecuali kambing SaanPE. Berdasarkan data keragaman, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kambing perah di Balitnak Ciawi bersifat polimorfik untuk gen CSN1S1 g.12164G>
Status Fisiologi dan Studi Keragaman Gen HSP70 sebagai Penentu Ketahanan Cekaman Panas Sapi Friesian Holstein pada Ketinggian Berbeda
No full textUpaya peningkatan produktivitas sapi perah di Indonesia terkendala
dengan kondisi mikroklimat Indonesia yang merupakan kepulauan tropis dengan
suhu lingkungan dan kelembapan relatif yang tinggi. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi
menyebabkan cekaman panas pada sapi perah. Cekaman panas pada sapi perah
menyebabkan perubahan respons fisiologi dan pola metabolisme yang berimbas
pada penurunan produksi susu pada sapi perah. Untuk mengatasi penurunan
produksi susu, dilakukan penyesuaian berbagai faktor lingkungan, seperti iklim
mikro, pakan, dan manajemen pemeliharaan. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat
dilakukan untuk mengurangi dampak cekaman panas pada produktivitas ternak
adalah melalui program genetik untuk menyeleksi atau memilih hewan dengan
kemampuan termotoleran yang tinggi terhadap cekaman panas. Salah satu gen
yang berpotensi sebagai marka genetik untuk seleksi sapi perah unggul dengan
sifat tahan panas dan produksi tinggi adalah gen HSP70. HSP70 bekerja untuk
meningkatkan ambang cekaman panas yang berakibat pada panjangnya jarak
translasi protein sehingga menurunkan pengaruh cekaman panas pada mekanisme
protein folding dan mengurangi intensitas kerusakan protein akibat unfolding atau
misfolding.
Penelitian ini terdiri atas 3 tahap, tahap pertama bertujuan untuk
mengevaluasi respons fisiologi, profil hematologi, hormonal, kemampuan
aklimasi serta produktivitas sapi perah yang dipelihara pada lingkungan dengan
ketinggian berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dataran rendah bukan
lingkungan yang sesuai untuk pengembangan sapi perah karena di dataran rendah
ternak berada pada kondisi di luar zona nyaman sehingga sapi perah rentan
mengalami cekaman panas. Lingkungan berpotensi memberikan dampak cekaman
panas tertinggi pada sapi perah di dataran rendah, diikuti dataran sedang dan
dataran tinggi yang terendah. Peningkatan cekaman panas direspons dengan
peningkatan kecepatan respirasi, detak jantung, suhu rektal, suhu kulit, dan suhu
tubuh serta penurunan ambang cekaman panas/HTC dan produksi susu.
Kemampuan aklimasi sapi perah dalam merespons perubahan kondisi lingkungan
tercermin dari nilai koefisien regresi setiap variabel terikat HTC, kecepatan
respirasi, denyut jantung, suhu rektal, suhu kulit, dan suhu tubuh berhubungan erat
dengan perubahan THI, suhu lingkungan, dan kelembapan relatif. Berdasarkan
nilai R2 dan slope tertinggi pada dataran sedang, diikuti dataran rendah, dan
dataran tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan kemampuan aklimasi sapi perah pada dataran
sedang lebih baik jika dibandingkan sapi perah pada dataran tinggi dan rendah.
Meskipun secara fisiologi sapi perah mampu beradaptasi terhadap cekaman panas,
cekaman panas memberikan dampak yang sangat merugikan terhadap produksi
susu. Rerata produksi susu di ketiga lokasi penelitian tergolong rendah jika
dibandingkan standar produksi susu sapi FH yang berada pada zona nyaman.
Penelitian tahan kedua bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi polimorfisme gen
HSP70 pada sapi perah Friesian Holstein yang dipelihara pada lingkungan dengan
ketinggian berbeda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa delesi sitosin pada
basa ke 859 AP2 box promotor gen HSP70 menghasilkan dua macam genotipe,
yaitu homozygous wild type (CC) dan heterozygous cytosine deletion mutant (C-).
Perbedaan lokasi tidak mempengaruhi frekuensi genotipe CC dan C- yang
dihasilkan. Frekuensi genotipe C-di setiap lokasi lebih tinggi dari genotipe CC.
Persentase lokus heterozigot dalam setiap populasi cukup tinggi sehingga
memungkinkan untuk melakukan seleksi sapi perah FH berdasarkan genotipe gen
HSP70 lokus ScrFI.
Penelitian tahap tiga bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara
keragaman gen HSP70 lokus ScrFI dengan respons fisiologi, ketahanan terhadap
cekaman panas, profil hematologi, hormonal, produksi serta kualitas susu pada
sapi perah FH. Hasil analisis menunjukkan sapi perah dengan genotipe CC
memiliki nilai ambang cekaman panas, kecepatan pernapasan, detak jantung, dan
suhu kulit yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan sapi perah dengan genotipe
C-. Nilai ambang cekaman panas, kecepatan pernapasan, detak jantung, dan suhu
kulit yang lebih tinggi pada genotipe CC mengindikasikan bahwa ternak dengan
genotipe CC memiliki kemampuan adaptasi terhadap kondisi cekaman panas yang
lebih rendah jika dibandingkan genotipe C-.
Pada aspek produksi dan kualitas susu, sapi perah baik dengan genotipe
CC maupun C- memiliki rerata produksi susu dan kadar bahan kering tanpa lemak
yang sama, tetapi sapi perah dengan genotipe CC menghasilkan produksi susu
yang distandardisasi 4%FCM, kadar protein, lemak, total solid, dan laktosa yang
lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan genotipe C-. Keunggulan sapi perah dengan
genotipe CC dalam menghasilkan produksi susu yang distandardisasi 4%FCM,
kadar protein, lemak, total solid dan laktosa yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan
genotipe C- tidak disertai dengan keunggulan dalam sifat adaptasi terhadap
kondisi cekaman panas. Secara umum genotipe CC berhubungan dengan sifat
produksi dan kualitas susu yang lebih baik, sedangkan genotipe C- berhubungan
dengan kemampuan sifat adaptasi terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang lebih baik.
Sapi perah yang memiliki produksi susu yang tinggi, umumnya memiliki
resistensi terhadap cekaman suhu lingkungan yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan
dengan sapi perah dengan produksi susu yang rendah. Hal ini disebabkan karena
sapi perah dengan tingkat produksi susu yang tinggi memiliki tingkat produksi
panas yang lebih tinggi baik dari produksi panas metabolisme maupun produksi
panas pada proses produksi susu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa seleksi
genetik dengan menggunakan gen HSP70 sebagai marka gen memungkinkan
untuk memilih sapi perah dengan keunggulan sifat ketahanan terhadap cekaman
panas dan produksi serta kualitas susu yang lebih baik
The use of a blockchain-based smart import declaration to reduce the need for manual cross-validation by customs authorities
No full textFor determining the correctness of an import declaration lodged by a declarant within international shipping, customs authorities rely on manual cross-validation of the declaration with other trade documents. However, the sheer volume of import declarations lodged annually makes it impossible to manually cross-validate each declaration. Smart contracts have the potential to automatically aggregate relevant information from blockchain-based ledgers for lodging and cross-validation. In this paper we explore how such smart contract could be implemented. We demonstrate that a smart import declaration can be used to automatically aggregate information from different sources (e.g., pro forma invoice data elements stored on the blockchain ledger). However, technical and organizational considerations that are inherent to blockchain technology need to be addressed for the smart import declaration to be acceptable for both customs authorities and declarants. It is therefore suggested that future work focusses on data standards required to enable automatic aggregation of relevant trade information and the generation of the import declaration and governance of the smart import declaration by customs authorities to assure correctness.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Information and Communication Technolog
Genetic Improvement of Milk Quantity and Milk Quality in Holstein Friesian Cattle by Selection
Get PDFMilk yield and milk quality are essential in determining the development of national dairy industry. Domestic fresh milk is largely produced by Holstein Friesian cows. There is a wide variation of the genetic ability of cows to produce milk or bulls to transmit milk, thus giving the opportunity for the improvement of milk production trait through selection. Milk yield as one of the quantitative traits, in the genetic evaluation, is estimated based on a breeding value. Breeding value can be estimated accurately through appropriate selection methods and by considering various non-genetic factors influencing milk production. This paper focuses the discussion on milk selection methods, which are very commonly done in dairy cattle. To produce superior dairy breeding cattle, selection for the bulls were done by progeny testing method, whereas selection for cows were commonly by individual selection method and their siblings. A number of internal environment factors should be considered in the genetic evaluation of milk production, through the development of appropiate correction factors, thereby increasing the accuracy of the estimated breeding values. The quality of milk especially milk protein contents, in the future, will get more attention from consumers. Therefore, selection should be directed also to improve milk protein components. The existence of major genes controlling on milk protein contents is expected to be the effective way in increasing milk protein yield in domestic HF cow. Selection of superior breeding dairy cattle in producing high milk protein contents is done through the identification of polymorphism of milk protein genes, providing casein and whey family genes. Key words: Holstein Friesian, selection, milk yield, milk protei
Productivity of Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle maintained under two systems in central Java, Indonesia
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
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