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UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS MELALUI METODE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING : Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kelas VIII-I SMP Negeri 4 Cimahi
Full text linkPenelitian ini dilatar belakangi dari permasalahan yang terjadi di kelas VIII-I SMP Negeri 4 Cimahi yang ditemukan peneliti saat melakukan observasi awal. Berdasarkan observasi awal ditemukan beberapa permasalahan diantaranya kurang memperhatikan guru ketika menerangkan, memiliki sedikit motivasi untuk belajar, pembelajaran di kelas masih teacher centered dan siswa tidak berperan aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Hal ini yang membuat siswa jenuh dan kurang tertarik belajar IPS sehingga berdampak pada tingkat pengetahuan siswa tidak berkembang dan cara berpikir mereka hanya pada tingkat pemahaman saja. Dilihat dari beberapa permasalahan tersebut, peneliti memutuskan untuk memberikan solusi untuk memperbaiki kualitas pembelajaran, yaitu upaya meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa melalui penerapan metode Problem Based Learning (PBL). Penerapan metode ini juga dilatar belakangi oleh kajian pustaka yang dilakukan oleh peneliti. Dikatakan bahwa metode PBL sebagai metode intruksional yang menantang peserta didik untuk bekerjasama dengan anggota kelompok untuk mencari solusi atas permasalahan yang dihadapi, masalah-masalah tersebut digunakan untuk melahirkan rasa keingintrahuan serta motivasi peserta didik untuk mempelajari subjek tertentu, serta dapat menyiapkan peserta didik untuk berpikir kritis dan analisis. Peneliti memilih Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan model Kemmis dan Taggart yang dilakukan dalam 3 siklus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada siklus pertama hasil observasi menunjukkan angka 52,70%. Angka ini menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus pertama hasil yang diperoleh masuk pada kategori cukup. Siklus kedua mengalami peningkatan yamg cukup signifikan yaitu mendapatkan hasil sebesar 84,40% dan masuk kedalam kategori baik. Peningkatan juga terus terjadi dilihat dari hasil observasi pada siklus ketiga yang berhasil mencapai angka 93,80% dan masuk pada kategori baik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode PBL dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.------------
This study is based on the problems that occurred in class VIII-I SMP Negeri 4 Cimahi that has been found while doing initial observation. Based on preliminary observation, it is found some problems as such: less attention to the teacher, lack of motivation to learn, teacher-centered learning classroom and students do not play a big role in the learning process. It makes students saturated and less interested in Social Science learning. The students become undeveloped and their way of thinking is only at the level of understanding. Known from several problems, the author decided to give solution in order to improve the quality of learning, that is the effort to improve students' critical thinking skill through the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) method. The implementation of this method is also based on literature review conducted by the author. It is said that the PBL method as an instructional method challenges students to work in a teamwork to find solutions based on problems encountered. The problems are to develop a sense of curiosity and motivation to learn a particular subject, and can prepare students to think critically and analyze. The author chose Classroom Action Research with Kemmis and Taggart model which is conducted in 3 cycles. Based on the results in the first cycle, it showed the number 52.70%. This number indicates that the results obtained in the first cycle is in the ‘sufficient’ category. The second cycle experienced a significant increase with the number 84.40% and is in the ‘good’ category. The increase also continues in the third cycle with the number 93.80% and is in ‘good’ category. This study shows that the implementation of PBL method can improve students' critical thinking skill
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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