1,721,010 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dossier n. 261/2017 - Prevenzione delle infezioni del sito chirurgico
No full textMessaggi chiave
Le infezioni del sito chirurgico (ISC) si verificano nel 2% circa degli interventi chirurgici; queste infezioni sono, tra tutte le infezioni correlate all’assistenza, quelle associate al maggiore impatto economico.
Una quota rilevante delle infezioni del sito chirurgico, stimabile fino al 55%, è prevenibile. Programmi di sorveglianza e controllo di queste infezioni, condotti in singoli ospedali o nell’ambito di interventi multicentrici, hanno dimostrato che è possibile ridurre significativamente il rischio di ISC adottando le misure ad oggi sostenute da evidenze scientifiche solide.
Esiste una significativa variabilità tra le Aziende sanitarie dell’Emilia-Romagna nell’incidenza delle infezioni del sito chirurgico, legata a diversi fattori quali le caratteristiche dei pazienti che afferiscono alle strutture, le differenze nei criteri di identificazione, l’organizzazione delle misure di controllo (es. igiene delle mani), l’appropriatezza della profilassi antibiotica perioperatoria, la capacità di sorvegliare le infezioni del sito chirurgico, come testimoniato dai sistemi di sorveglianza regionali (Sistema SIChER, valutazione annuale delle performance aziendali dei programmi di sorveglianza e controllo del rischio infettivo).
Questo documento ha l’obiettivo di:
- fornire - a chirurghi e personale infermieristico che opera in ambito chirurgico, ai responsabili aziendali del controllo del rischio infettivo correlato all’assistenza e alle figure addette, alle Direzioni sanitarie delle Aziende - un quadro sintetico ma completo delle misure ad oggi considerate irrinunciabili per la prevenzione delle infezioni del sito chirurgico;
- individuare i principali ostacoli all’applicazione di queste misure e suggerire strumenti e metodi per superarle;
- individuare e promuovere l’uso di indicatori per monitorare l’effettiva applicazione di queste misure nelle Aziende sanitarie dell’Emilia-Romagna.
La base del documento è rappresentata dalle Linee guida nazionali Compendio delle principali misure per la prevenzione e il controllo delle infezioni correlate all’assistenza del 2010 (Centro per la prevenzione e il controllo delle malattie, 2010), che avevano incluso linee guida pubblicate fino al 2008; per l’aggiornamento è stata eseguita una ricerca sistematica delle linee guida sulla prevenzione delle infezioni del sito chirurgico pubblicate successivamente al 2008 e delle revisioni sistematiche di interesse.
La prevenzione delle infezioni chirurgiche, nell’ambito più generale della promozione della sicurezza in chirurgia, deve rappresentare un obiettivo centrale per gli operatori sanitari e per chi ha responsabilità di governo delle Aziende sanitarie e delle strutture ospedaliere private in Emilia-Romagna. È quindi essenziale che questo documento venga diffusamente utilizzato per:
- esaminare le pratiche in uso e valutare quanto queste si discostino da quelle sostenute da evidenze scientifiche forti riportate in questo documento;
- identificare azioni correttive e implementarle, monitorando nel tempo se l’adesione alle misure raccomandate è effettivamente aumentata e se ciò ha avuto un impatto positivo sull’incidenza delle infezioni della ferita chirurgica;
- adottare un approccio di tipo multimodale al controllo delle infezioni del sito chirurgico (bundle), che preveda l’attivazione di programmi mirati a implementare un numero selezionato di misure considerate chiave (3-6 misure) accompagnati alla rilevazione puntuale dell’adesione di tali misure nel tempo.
Per essere in grado di dimostrare un miglioramento misurabile della qualità dell’assistenza prestata, le Aziende sanitarie e tutti gli ospedali che svolgono attività chirurgica devono mantenere attivo il sistema di sorveglianza SIChER e accompagnare l’attuazione di azioni di miglioramento con la rilevazione degli indicatori di processo raccomandati in questo documento, in modo da poter certificare una buona adesione alle misure assistenziali raccomandate
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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