52 research outputs found
Conditional cell ablation by stringent tetracycline-dependent regulation of barnase in mammalian cells
No full textLeuchtenberger S, Perz A, Gatz C, Bartsch JW. Conditional cell ablation by stringent tetracycline-dependent regulation of barnase in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Research. 2001;29(16):76e-76.Conditional expression of suicide genes in vivo has a wide range of applications in biological research and requires a minimal basal promoter activity in the uninduced state. To reduce basal activity of tetracycline (tc)-inducible target promoters we combined synthetic tet operators in varying numbers with a core promoter derived from the plant viral 35S promoter. An optimized promoter, P_TF, was found to exert a stringent regulation of luciferase in combination with tTA and rtTA in different mammalian cell lines. We linked P_TF to the barnase gene, coding for a highly active RNase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Stable cell clones expressing barnase under control of tTA exerted cell death only after tc withdrawal, correlating with a 10-fold induction of barnase mRNA expression. Directing tTA expression through a neuron-specific enolase promoter (P_NSE) leads to barnase expression and cell death in neuronal cells after tc withdrawal. Taken together, our data demonstrate that a stringent control of barnase expression in the uninduced state improves cell ablation studies, as high frequencies of transgene propagation in both cell lines and in transgenic mice are observed
Steroid RU 486 inducible myogenesis by 10T1/2 fibroblastic mouse cells
No full textBartsch JW, Jackel M, Perz A, Jockusch H. Steroid RU 486 inducible myogenesis by 10T1/2 fibroblastic mouse cells. FEBS letters. 2000;467(1):123-127.For reconstruction or repair of damaged tissues, an artificially regulated switch from proliferation to differentiation would be of great advantage. To achieve conditional myogenesis, we expressed MyoD in mouse C3H 10T1/2 fibroblastic cells, using a gene regulation system based on the synthetic steroid RU 486, BS stable co-transfection of a plasmid construct with the RU 486 dependent activator and an integrating inducible MyoD construct, a cell clone, designated 10T-RM, was obtained in which MyoD expression was stringently controlled by RU 486, 12 h after addition of 10 nM RU 486 to 10T-RM cells, saturation levels of MyoD mRNA were observed and greater than or equal to 2 days later, mRNA for embryonal myosin heavy chain (MyHC(emb)) was abundant and mononucleated cells fused into myotubes. (C) 2000 Federation of European Biochemical Societies
Diet in the management of non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease: perceptions and practices of health professionals
No full textAbstract Background Therapeutic strategies, including dietary intervention, to target non-dialysis dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progression have been at the forefront of recent renal research. Nephrologists and other renal health professionals are key stakeholders in the dietary management of patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD and referrals to dietetic services. The aims of this study were to explore (i) health professional perceptions regarding the role of diet in managing non-dialysis dependent CKD, and (ii) health professional practices regarding the provision of dietary advice and referrals to dietetic services. Methods A 31-item online survey was emailed to members of professional renal networks and associations in Australia and New Zealand. Data was analysed descriptively. Categorical variables were assessed to determine associations between referral frequency, demographic variables, health professional role (non-dietetic versus dietetic) and perceptions of the role of diet. Results Overall, 189 health professionals completed the survey. Nephrologists (42%), renal nurses (29%) and renal dietitians (24%) were the most common respondents. Non-dietetic health professionals rated the importance of diet in the management of non-dialysis dependent CKD significantly lower than renal dietitians (73% versus 98% ranked as very-extremely important, p = 0.002). Fifty percent of non-dietetic health professionals referred patients to renal dietetic services never or 0–25% of the time. Reasons for not referring included perceptions there is a lack of evidence that diet reduces CKD progression, perceptions that patients will not adhere to dietary recommendations, and a desire to reduce visit burden for patients. Barriers to accessing dietetic services were perceived to be significant and include lengthy wait times and inadequate dietetic staffing. Conclusion Inconsistencies exist between non-dietetic health professionals and dietitians regarding the importance of diet in non-dialysis dependent CKD. Referral practices appear to be influenced by beliefs about the evidence base and perceptions regarding the ability of dietitians to meet referral demand. Raising awareness for non-dietetic health professionals working in nephrology regarding the evidence on diet and CKD progression is needed. An improved understanding of this evidence base may improve knowledge and referral patterns. Further, an increase in renal dietetic staffing is recommended to enhance patient access to services
Quelques spécificités du champ lexical «phénomènes naturels»
No full textThe aim of this article is to analyze the events traditionally perceived as natural phenomena. This type of event does not form a homogenous class from a linguistic point of view. The author presents some observations and comments on a few nouns: rain, snow, hail which belong to the lexical field natural phenomena. Moreover, the author raises the issue of the impersonal constructions which cover the category of meteorological verbs.The aim of this article is to analyze the events traditionally perceived as natural phenomena. This type of event does not form a homogenous class from a linguistic point of view. The author presents some observations and comments on a few nouns: rain, snow, hail which belong to the lexical field natural phenomena. Moreover, the author raises the issue of the impersonal constructions which cover the category of meteorological verbs
Quelques specificites du champ lexical "phenomenes naturels"
No full textThe aim of this article is to analyze the events traditionally perceived as natural phenomena.
This type of event does not form a homogenous class from a linguistic point of view. The author
presents some observations and comments on a few nouns: rain, snow, hail which belong to the lexical
field natural phenomena. Moreover, the author raises the issue of the impersonal constructions
which cover the category of meteorological verbs
La sémantique des adjectifs et les questions d’équivalence linguistique entre le français et le polonais
No full textThe purpose of this article is to approach the problem of the disambiguation of adjectives in the context of translation. On the basis of the French adjectives analyzed for the purpose of the present study, the author demonstrates that these items can have several equivalents in Polish.Such multiple possible interpretations pose a major problem for the description of polysemous items in lexicographical publications, as well as for automatic translation technology. The correspondences between adjectives are rarely bi-univocal in two languages and this study gives some insights into the possibilities of using these words in both the languages. To exactly pinpoint all the available senses of the analysed words and to find their equivalents, the author makes use of the object oriented approach. This kind of description allows us to select the best equivalent of a word in a target language and to make explicit the relations of equivalence between the two languages.The purpose of this article is to approach the problem of the disambiguation of adjectives in the context of translation. On the basis of the French adjectives analyzed for the purpose of the present study, the author demonstrates that these items can have several equivalents in Polish.Such multiple possible interpretations pose a major problem for the description of polysemous items in lexicographical publications, as well as for automatic translation technology. The correspondences between adjectives are rarely bi-univocal in two languages and this study gives some insights into the possibilities of using these words in both the languages. To exactly pinpoint all the available senses of the analysed words and to find their equivalents, the author makes use of the object oriented approach. This kind of description allows us to select the best equivalent of a word in a target language and to make explicit the relations of equivalence between the two languages
ASSESSMENT OF PROFITABILITY AND RISK OF BANKS LISTED ON THE WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE IN 2004-2009 (Ocena efektywności i ryzyka w bankach notowanych na GPW w Warszawie w latach 2004-2009)
No full textProper evaluation of banks' activity requires an analysis of profitability and risks undertaken by these institutions. For the purposes of internal reporting banks use Risk Adjusted Performance Measures (RAPM). Brief review of those indicators is presented in the article. Author pointed out the difficulty in determining these indicators by external entities. In authors opinion simple approach based on ROE volatility analysis may be treated as complementary method. In this article the author using ROE volatility analysis assessed the profitability and risk for a group of banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2004-2009
Représenter le sens d’un adjectif polysémique dans une perspective bilingue — la quête de l’équivalence
No full textThis study seeks to approach the problem of disambiguation of adjectives in the context of translation. On the basis of the French adjective austère analyzed as a case of study, the author demonstrates that adjectives can have a few equivalents in the Polish language. Such multiple interpretations caused by polysemy can be a problem for the description of adjectives in lexicographical publications, as well as for translation. Correspondences between adjectives are rarely bi-univocal in two languages and this study gives some insights on the possibilities of using this terms in both languages. Differences between senses are often highly subtle and contextually determined, so the author makes use of the theory of classes of objects. This kind of complex description allows to select the correct equivalent in another language and to make explicit the relations of equivalence between two languages.This study seeks to approach the problem of disambiguation of adjectives in the context of translation. On the basis of the French adjective austère analyzed as a case of study, the author demonstrates that adjectives can have a few equivalents in the Polish language. Such multiple interpretations caused by polysemy can be a problem for the description of adjectives in lexicographical publications, as well as for translation. Correspondences between adjectives are rarely bi-univocal in two languages and this study gives some insights on the possibilities of using this terms in both languages. Differences between senses are often highly subtle and contextually determined, so the author makes use of the theory of classes of objects. This kind of complex description allows to select the correct equivalent in another language and to make explicit the relations of equivalence between two languages
La sémantique des adjectifs et les questions d'équivalence linguistique entre le français et le polonais
No full textThe purpose of this article is to approach the problem of the disambiguation of adjectives in
the context of translation. On the basis of the French adjectives analyzed for the purpose of the
present study, the author demonstrates that these items can have several equivalents in Polish.
Such multiple possible interpretations pose a major problem for the description of polysemous
items in lexicographical publications, as well as for automatic translation technology. The correspondences
between adjectives are rarely bi-univocal in two languages and this study gives
some insights into the possibilities of using these words in both the languages. To exactly pinpoint
all the available senses of the analysed words and to find their equivalents, the author makes use
of the object oriented approach. This kind of description allows us to select the best equivalent
of a word in a target language and to make explicit the relations of equivalence between the two
languages
Différences dans la conceptualisation entre le français et le polonais selon l’approche orientée-objets
No full textIt is well known that languages differ in how they describe the same piece of reality. In this paper, the author examine that the categorization of some events does not proceed in identical way in French and in Polish. On the basis of two nouns of French language analysed as an example, according to the object-oriented method, the author shows that in some cases one item could have few equivalents in other language. The lexicographical description was illustrated with the results deriving from two exemplary nouns (storm, frost). The selection of linguistic equivalents depends on the context of units. It causes great problems for the translator above all for the automatic translation. To chose the proper equivalent, the translator has to analyse a number of uses of unit and understand the concept expressed by the expression.It is well known that languages differ in how they describe the same piece of reality. In this paper, the author examine that the categorization of some events does not proceed in identical way in French and in Polish. On the basis of two nouns of French language analysed as an example, according to the object-oriented method, the author shows that in some cases one item could have few equivalents in other language. The lexicographical description was illustrated with the results deriving from two exemplary nouns (storm, frost). The selection of linguistic equivalents depends on the context of units. It causes great problems for the translator above all for the automatic translation. To chose the proper equivalent, the translator has to analyse a number of uses of unit and understand the concept expressed by the expression
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