1,564 research outputs found
Cormac Mccarthy and the Writing of American Spaces
No full textIn Cormac McCarthy and the Writing of American Spaces Andrew Estes examines ideas about the land as they emerge in the later fiction of this important contemporary author. McCarthy's texts are shown to be part of larger narratives about American environments. Against the backdrop of the emerging discipline of environmental criticism, Estes investigates the way space has been constructed in U.S. American writing. Cormac McCarthy is found to be heir to diametrically opposed concepts of space: as something Americans embraced as either overwhelmingly positive and reinvigorating or as rather negative and threatening. McCarthy's texts both replicate this binary thinking about American environments and challenge readers to reconceive traditional ways of seeing space. Breaking new ground as to how literary landscapes and spaces are critically assessed this study seeks to examine the many detailed descriptions of the physical world in McCarthy on their own terms. Adding to so-called 'second wave' environmental criticism, it reaches beyond an earlier, limited understanding of the environment as 'nature' to consider both natural landscapes and built environments. Chapter one discusses the field of environmental criticism in reference to McCarthy while chapter two offers a brief narrative of conceptions of space in the U.S. Chapter three highlights trends in McCarthy criticism. Chapters four through eight provide close readings of McCarthy's later novels, from Blood Meridian to The Road.Intro -- Cormac McCarthy and the Writing of American Spaces -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Environmental Criticism and Cormac McCarthy -- 1.1. Environmental Criticism/Ecocriticism -- 1.2. Machine/Garden -- 1.3. Nature/Culture -- 1.4. Biocentrism/Anthropocentrism -- 1.5. Space/Place -- 1.6. Wilderness/Civilization -- 2. A Debate in American Literature: The Nature of U.S. Spaces -- 2.1. Columbus and the Edenic Trend -- 2.2. From the Best of Places to the Worst of Places -- 2.3. Vespucci and the Demonic Trend -- 2.4. "The Greatest Fact": Buffon, De Pauw and Raynal -- 2.5. The Puritans -- 2.6. Hawthorne -- 2.7. Later Manifestations of the Positive View: Crèvecoeur -- 2.8. Jefferson: "The Cultivators of the Earth Are the Most Virtuous Citizens -- 2.9. Emerson -- 2.10. Frederick Jackson Turner -- 2.11. The Dialectic of American Spaces -- 3. McCarthy Criticism -- 3.1. McCarthy as Author: Beginnings of Secondary Literature -- 3.2. Close Readings of Important Secondary Literature -- 3.2.1. John Wegner on The Border Trilogy -- 3.2.2. K. Wesley Berry on The Orchard Keeper -- 3.2.3. John Cant on The Road -- 3.2.4. The Position of the Present Study in Reference to Berry and Cant -- 3.2.5. Georg Guillemin's Ecopastoralism -- 3.2.6. Sara L. Spurgeon on Blood Meridian -- 4. Blood Meridian -- 4.1. The Environment in Blood Meridian -- 4.2. Judge Holden's View -- 4.3. The Consequences of Judge Holden's View: A Changing Environment -- 4.4. Optical Democracy -- 5. All the Pretty Horses -- 5.1. From the World of Blood Meridian to That of All the Pretty Horses -- 5.2. Space According to the Edenic Trend -- 5.3. Two Pictures of Horses: A Developing Notion of Wilderness -- 5.4. Space According to the Demonic Trend -- 5.5. Evil in Texas Versus Evil in Mexico -- 5.6. A Definition of Country in McCarthy -- 5.7. A New Way Forward -- 6. The Crossing6.1. Borders -- 6.2. New Country -- 6.3. Language and the Land -- 6.4. The Trinity Test -- 7. No Country for Old Men -- 8. The Road -- 8.1. Apocalypse in American Literature -- 8.2. Environmental Criticism and (Post-)Apocalypse -- 8.3. A Close Reading of The Road: Ideas of the Natural and Technology -- 8.3.1. Technology is Always Culturally Embedded -- 8.3.2. Nature as a Cultural Construct -- 8.3.3. Good Guys Versus Bad Guys -- 8.4. Rock City -- 8.5. The End of The Road: Biocentric Maps -- Conclusion -- Works Cited -- IndexIn Cormac McCarthy and the Writing of American Spaces Andrew Estes examines ideas about the land as they emerge in the later fiction of this important contemporary author. McCarthy's texts are shown to be part of larger narratives about American environments. Against the backdrop of the emerging discipline of environmental criticism, Estes investigates the way space has been constructed in U.S. American writing. Cormac McCarthy is found to be heir to diametrically opposed concepts of space: as something Americans embraced as either overwhelmingly positive and reinvigorating or as rather negative and threatening. McCarthy's texts both replicate this binary thinking about American environments and challenge readers to reconceive traditional ways of seeing space. Breaking new ground as to how literary landscapes and spaces are critically assessed this study seeks to examine the many detailed descriptions of the physical world in McCarthy on their own terms. Adding to so-called 'second wave' environmental criticism, it reaches beyond an earlier, limited understanding of the environment as 'nature' to consider both natural landscapes and built environments. Chapter one discusses the field of environmental criticism in reference to McCarthy while chapter two offers a brief narrative of conceptions of space in the U.S. Chapter three highlights trends in McCarthy criticism. Chapters four through eight provide close readings of McCarthy's later novels, from Blood Meridian to The Road.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Faithfulness and Reduplicative Identity
No full textThis paper proposes a revised view of faithfulness in Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993), relating it to reduplicative identity (McCarthy & Prince 1993). Faithfulness and identity are unified in a theory of Correspondence relations between structures. The theory is investigated by way of a study of over- and underapplication effects in reduplicated structures.The definitive version of this paper was published in Papers in Optimality Theory (1995)McCarthy, J. J., & Prince, A. S. (1995). Faithfulness and reduplicative identity. In J. N. Beckman, L. W. Dickey, & S. Urbanczyk (Eds.) Papers in optimality theory (pp. 249-384). Amherst, MA: GLSA (Graduate Linguistic Student Association), Dept. of Linguistics, University of Massachusetts.This work was supported in part by grant SBR-9420424 from the National Science Foundation and by research funds from Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, at New Brunswic
Enacting teacher evaluation reform: Reconsidering resistance during processes of policy realization
Get PDFThis Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-05-17 at 09:12.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12573 on 2018-09-27 at 11:32:55Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T16:45:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 107845 on 2020-09-28T09:15:16Z.This qualitative case study explored the impact of Race to the Top’s teacher evaluation policies in two case schools. Using Ball, Maguire, and Braun’s (2012) enactment framework as my theoretical starting point, I sought to better understand how teachers interacted with policy texts during processes of reform. Herein, the data from this study are presented two ways. First, I use them to make generalizations about similarities in policy outcomes across both cases. I then apply the lens of enactment to explore more deeply my participants’ interpretive activities. To complement this framework, I propose the concepts of productive and principled resistance. What this second analysis reveals is that the teachers responded to these policies in complex ways that sometimes carried unique meanings even when their outcomes looked alike on the surface. With this more complex conceptualization laid out, this text ends by presenting these educators’ understandings of the historical and political contexts for these policies to implore readers to consider their discursive effects.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-08-01The student, Angela Masters, accepted the attached license on 2018-05-15 at 12:50.The student, Angela Masters, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-05-15 at 13:02
National Fitness or Failure? Heredity, Vice and Racial Decline in New Zealand Psychiatry: A Case Study of the Auckland Mental Hospital, 1868-99
No full textThis thesis examines anxieties about national fitness and efficiency in nineteenth-century New Zealand through a detailed study of medical and popular ideas about the causes of mental illness. In particular, it foregrounds the perceived roles played by heredity and vice in medical diagnoses both inside institutions and in wider discussions about mental illness. The thesis draws upon medical journals, popular newspaper articles, government reports and debates, and patient case notes from the Auckland Mental Hospital between 1868 and 1899 to investigate discourses about the mentally ill, and to highlight the relationships between anxieties about this ‘problem’ section of the population and contemporary social concerns. This methodology demonstrates how a range of texts helped to produce a discursive association between heredity and vice, mental illness, and a feared decline in the ‘fitness’ of the ‘British’ race in New Zealand and in the wider British World, and also that the mentally ill in nineteenth-century New Zealand were often depicted as living consequences of a family history of indulgence in various forms of vice, or of the procreation of the mentally unfit. Medical and popular ideas about general paralysis and puerperal insanity, in particular, were strongly related to gender and class norms, and throughout this thesis, ideals of class and gender are explored as shaping influences on medical and popular theories about the aetiology of mental illness in general.
By drawing on medical discourses from Britain and New Zealand, this thesis also demonstrates the transnational nature of psychiatric medical theories deployed in Britain and New Zealand. This transnational transmission of ideas occurred through the migration of British born and educated psychiatrists to New Zealand, the context of British medical journals (such as the British Medical Journal and the Journal of Mental Science) which circulated in New Zealand, and attendance at Intercolonial Medical Congresses, shared between New Zealand and the Australian colonies from 1892. Transactions from these congresses, along with medical journal articles and popular sources, reveal that the period from 1868 until the end of the nineteenth century was an intellectual environment ripe for the emergence of concerns about racial decline, a trend highlighted by the presence of the mentally ill, in a ‘new’ society
Autosegmental spreading in optimality theory
No full textThis paper is a shorter version of ROA-1009 'Harmony in harmonic serialism'. Some material is omitted, but the overall presentation is probably clearer.The publisher of the book in which this excerpt appears does not permit the archiving of this or any other version of the excerpt in the Rutgers Optimality Archive. The authorized version is available here: http://www.degruyter.com/view/product/44354. An earlier version is available at: http://works.bepress.com/john_j_mccarthy/100McCarthy, J. J. (2011). Autosegmental spreading in optimality theory In J. A. Goldsmith, E. Hume, & L. Wetzels (Eds.), Tones and Features. Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter
Experience-based critiquing : reusing critiquing experiences to improve conversational recommendation
Get PDFPaper presented at the 18th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR 2010), Alessandria, Italy, 19-22 July 2010Product recommendation systems are now a key part of many e-commerce services and have proven to be a successful way to help users navigate complex product spaces. In this paper, we focus on critiquing-based recommenders, which permit users to tweak the features of recommended products in order to refine their needs and preferences.
In this paper, we describe a novel approach to reusing past critiquing histories in order to improve overall recommendation efficiency.Science Foundation IrelandTo be published by Springer in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence series: http://www.iccbr.org/iccbr10/html/call_for_papers.html. On publication, 12 months embargo. Condition: provide a link to the published article on Springer’s website, accompanied by the text “The final publication is available at springerlink.com”. Author version can remain as is (no set text)- AV 7/10/2010. ti ke SB. 11/10/2010
MD done OR 13/10/1
Determination of the androgenic potency of whole effluents using mosquitofish and trout bioassays
No full textThis study combined bioassay-derived and direct chemical analysis of steroidal compounds in pulp and paper and municipal sewage effluent in order to determine the cause of masculinization of female mosquitofish. The bioassays used in this study consisted of androgen and estrogen receptor binding, and aromatase inhibition using tissues from rainbow trout. This study observed no masculinization of female mosquitofish from a pulp and paper mill effluent that was previously observed to cause this effect. Mosquitofish sampled from the receiving environment of the same mill verified that masculinization was not occurring in the wild. The municipal sewage effluent also had no masculinizing effect. In vitro bioassays indicated significant sources of both androgens and estrogens in the effluents tested with sewage effluent having both the highest estradiol (41 ng/L) and testosterone (182 ng/L) equivalent concentration. These results could not be attributed to any particular compounds measured in the effluents. Two compounds implicated in the masculinization of mosquitofish by pulp and paper effluent, androstenedione and androstadienedione required relatively large (10-100 microg/L) waterborne concentrations to elicit a masculinizing effect and neither of these compounds are likely to occur at levels this high in the natural environment. The potent aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione also did not cause masculinization at 100 microg/L indicating that masculinization did not occur through this mechanism. The mammalian anti-androgen, cyproterone acetate was only partially effective in mosquitofish and reduced the severity of masculinization in the presence of methyl testosterone. While neither effluent masculinized mosquitofish, there was a significant reduction of in vitro ovarian steroid production with the most severe effects observed with the sewage effluent. Overall, this study found the disappearance of a masculinizing effect that had been previously observed; concluded that based on 21 days aqueous exposures androstenedione and androstadienedione are not likely candidates for mosquitofish masculinization, and showed that masculinization and in vitro steroid production are unrelated biological endpoints.PUBM: Print-Electronic; DEP: 20060925; JID: 8500246; 0 (Androgens); 0 (Androstadienes); 0 (Aromatase Inhibitors); 0 (Industrial Waste); 0 (Sewage); 0 (Steroids); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 63-05-8 (Androstenedione); 2006/07/24 [received]; 2006/08/29 [revised]; 2006/08/31 [accepted]; 2006/09/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
Economic shocks and the global environment
Get PDFPolicy formulation in most countries is complicated by the role of the external economic environment, especially during periods of great external shocks. The authors examine how individual countries were affected by, and responded to, external shocks. They apply an enhanced version of an earlier methodology for estimating the effect of three kinds of shock: terms of trade, variations in global demand, and changes in the interest rate. They discuss the magnitude of these shocks and country responses to them in Brazil, Ireland, and Korea and present numerical results for some other countries. The authors find that the magnitude of external shocks may be greater than previously recognized. The size and components of the shock depend on such factors as the country's openness to trade, the composition of its imports and exports, and its level of external debt. The authors also found that countries differ greatly in their responses to external shocks. Some rely on additional external financing, some place more emphasis on export promotion, and others favor import substitution. The authors conclude that the magnitude and composition of external shocks should be part of any explanation of why growth rates differ among countries.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Trade Policy,Achieving Shared Growth
Burns and Biofilms: Priority pathogens and in vivo models
Get PDFCopyright © 2021 The Author(s). Burn wounds can create significant damage to human skin, compromising one of the key barriers to infection. The leading cause of death among burn wound patients is infection. Even in the patients that survive, infections can be notoriously difficult to treat and can cause lasting damage, with delayed healing and prolonged hospital stays. Biofilm formation in the burn wound site is a major contributing factor to the failure of burn treatment regimens and mortality as a result of burn wound infection. Bacteria forming a biofilm or a bacterial community encased in a polysaccharide matrix are more resistant to disinfection, the rigors of the host immune system, and critically, more tolerant to antibiotics. Burn wound-associated biofilms are also thought to act as a launchpad for bacteria to establish deeper, systemic infection and ultimately bacteremia and sepsis. In this review, we discuss some of the leading burn wound pathogens and outline how they regulate biofilm formation in the burn wound microenvironment. We also discuss the new and emerging models that are available to study burn wound biofilm formation in vivo.British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy BSAC-2018-0095; Innovate UK Smart Grant 37800, FRAME, Young European Research University Network Mobility Award, NC3Rs PhD Studentship NC/V001582/1; BBSRC New Investigator Award BB/V007823/1; Academy of Medical Sciences; Wellcome Trust; UK Government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy; British Heart Foundation/Diabetes UK Springboard Award [SBF006\1040]
Contingency discriminability, matching, and bias in the concurrent-schedule responding of possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)
No full textSix possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) responded under dependent concurrent variable-interval variable- interval schedules of reinforcement. Over 15 conditions, barley–carob was one reinforcer with the other reinforcer consisting of Coco Popst, coconut, or a barley–carob mixture with 0%, 2%, 4%, or 6% salt added to the barley. The schedules were both variable-interval 40 s. As has been found with other species, behavior on the concurrent schedules was biased by the type of feed, with the 6% salt and the coconut giving the greatest biases towards the barley–carob mixture. The schedules were varied over 17 conditions using the barley–carob mixture alone or the barley–carob mixture versus the mixture with 4% or 6% salt. Both the contingency-discriminability model (Davison & Jenkins, 1985) and the generalized matching law described the data from the three sets of conditions equally well. Both gave similar measures of bias; however, some of the parameter values found with the contingency discriminability model were uninterpretable. Thus, any argument for this model based on the interpretability of the parameter values becomes weak. It is worth retaining the generalized matching law as a descriptor of such data
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