629 research outputs found
Hepatitis B in cohort of pregnant women on Thailand-Myanmar border
No full textMother and baby prospective cohort of 7,071 registered mothers from the Thailand-Myanmar border area who either attended antenatal care at Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) clinics or presented at the clinics to give birth. The data was created in STATA. The prevalence of HBsAg in women seeking antenatal and delivery care at the clinic was determined onsite by RDT, and the confirmatory test was used to determine HBeAg status in those who tested HBsAg+. The data was collected using a standardised maternal and child health record used by trained skilled birth attendants and included all mothers registered at and SMRU clinic due to give birth between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2014
Psychological predictors in context: an empirical study of interactions between determinants of car use intentions
No full textThis paper is from the PhD work of Wall, the lead author, supervised by Devine-Wright and Mill.
The work described here and in Output 1, and other parts of the thesis from which they were derived, was extensively cited in the DfT (2006) report “An Evidence Base Review of Public Attitudes to Climate Change and Transport Behaviour”
Post-secondary planning paradoxes: how regular kids prepare for the future in the college-for-all era
No full textThis dissertation examines the interactional processes that lead to stratified post-secondary planning and outcomes among high school students. In contrast to most sociological research on education, I study “regular” students, neither the overachievers nor those at risk of dropping out. I address how the mundane details of students’ daily lives are patterned to produce and reproduce systems of privilege. In the first of two waves of research, I interviewed 28 New Jersey counselors. In the second wave, I spent two years shadowing students through 11th and 12th grades at one racially and socioeconomically diverse high school in the suburban fringe of New York City. Multiple ethnographic methods included focus groups, school-day shadowing and repeated interviews of 17 focal students, and interviews with teachers, parents, counselors, and administrators. I argue that students’ lives are structured by a series of paradoxes, beginning with the college-for-all paradox: we expect all students to go to college, and yet fewer than half do. I explore a number of sub-paradoxes that structure student experience in high school. First, some counselors employ a pedagogical role; they scaffold post-secondary planning to foster a “dependent independence” that makes it (incorrectly) appear that students are doing it on their own. Second, New Jersey High School (NJHS) sends a series of complex mixed messages about college in response to a student body with diverse post-secondary outcomes. Mixed messages appear in formal and informal interactions and in the school’s institutional structures. NJHS tells students that college is for everyone, but it’s actually not for all of them. Third, students must navigate through these vague messages to figure out where they fit vis-à-vis their classmates and how that might inform their post-secondary plans. They must do this in a cultural space in which they are just learning which comparisons are acceptable and which must be left implicit. These strategies allow students to adjust their expectations while absolving teachers and counselors from giving advice that is difficult to hear. This leaves students with often mistaken impressions of solid college plans, and they thereby come to understand not going to college as a personal failure.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Audrey Elizabeth Devine Elle
The agreement between proxy and self-completed EQ-5D for care home residents was better for index scores than individual domains
No full textObjective:
Proxy measures are an alternative source of data for care home residents who are unable to complete the health utility measure, but the agreement levels between residents and care home staff for the EQ-5D have not been investigated previously. The objective of the present study was to examine the inter-rater agreement levels for the reporting of EQ-5D by care home residents and staff, adjusting for the impact of clustering.
Study Design and Setting:
The data consist of EQ-5D scores for 565 pairs of care home residents and proxies and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for 248 pairs. Cluster-adjusted agreement was compared for the domains, index scores, and QALYs from the EQ-5D. Factors influencing index score agreement are also described.
Results:
The results show poor to fair agreement at the domain level (cluster-adjusted Kappa −0.03 to 0.26) and moderate agreement at the score level (cluster-adjusted intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.44–0.50) and for QALYs (cluster-adjusted ICC 0.59). A higher likelihood of depression and lower cognitive impairment were both associated with smaller discrepancy between proxy and self-completed scores.
Conclusion:
Proxies appear to be an acceptable source of data for index scores and QALYs but may be less reliable if individual domains are considered
The Scottish Experience in Asia, c.1700 to the Present [electronic resource] : Settlers and Sojourners /
No full textThis pioneering volume focuses on the scale, territorial trajectories, impact, economic relationships, identity and nature of the Scottish-Asia connection from the late seventeenth century to the present. It is especially concerned with identifying whether there was a distinctive Scottish experience and if so, what effect it had on the East. Did Scots bring different skills to Asia and how far did their backgrounds prepare them in different ways? Were their networks distinctive compared to other ethnicities? What was the pull of Asia for them? Did they really punch above their weight as some contemporaries thought, or was that just exaggerated rhetoric? If there was a distinctive ‘Scottish effect’ how is that to be explained? .Introduction: The Scottish Experience in Asia, c.1700 to the Present: Settlers and Sojourners by T. M. Devine and Angela McCarthy -- A Scottish Empire of Enterprise in the East, c.1695-1914 by T. M. Devine -- Scottish Orientalists, Administrators and Missions: A Distinctive Scottish Approach to Asia? by John M. MacKenzie -- Scottish Agency Houses in south-east Asia, c.1760-c.1813 by George McGilvary -- Scots and the Imposition of Improvement in South India by Joanna Frew -- Death or a Pension: Scottish Fortunes at the End of the East India Company c.1800-1857 by Ellen Filor -- Governor J.A. Stewart Mackenzie and the Making of Ceylon by Patrick Peebles -- Scots and the Coffee Industry in Nineteenth Century Ceylon by T.J. Barron -- Ceylon: A Scottish Colony? by Angela McCarthy -- Addicting the Dragon? Jardine, Matheson & Co. in the China Opium Trade by T.M. Devine -- The Shanghai Scottish: Scottish, Imperial and Local Identities in the Scottish Company of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps by Isabella Jackson -- Ethnic Associationalism and Networking among the Scots in Asia: A Longitudinal Comparison, c. l870 to the Present by Tanja Bueltmann -- The Right Kind of Migrants: Scottish Expatriates in Hong Kong since 1950 and the Promotion of Human Capital by Iain Watson.This pioneering volume focuses on the scale, territorial trajectories, impact, economic relationships, identity and nature of the Scottish-Asia connection from the late seventeenth century to the present. It is especially concerned with identifying whether there was a distinctive Scottish experience and if so, what effect it had on the East. Did Scots bring different skills to Asia and how far did their backgrounds prepare them in different ways? Were their networks distinctive compared to other ethnicities? What was the pull of Asia for them? Did they really punch above their weight as some contemporaries thought, or was that just exaggerated rhetoric? If there was a distinctive ‘Scottish effect’ how is that to be explained?
Warrior dreams: playing Scotsmen in mainland Europe, 1945 – 2010
No full textAt the beginning of the twenty first century, thousands of adult
Europeans are playing Scotsmen. They dress up in kilts and
tartan, parade in military-style bagpipe bands, toss tree trunks
at Highland Games, commemorate Scottish soldiers of the past,
and re-enact their vision of Scottish history at ‘Celtic’ and
medieval fairs. Their largest festivals attract more than 25 000
people each year, and their more elaborate clubs are recognised
by Scottish Clan chiefs.
The ‘Scots’ of Europe do not usually claim to be Scottish –
neither by birth, descent, or residence. Their performances are
Scottish masquerades, and openly declared so. Unlike their
cousins in North America and Australasia, the European
impersonators only very rarely insist that their Scottish
performances express their ‘ethnic’ identity.
And yet, the European masquerade is a quest for roots and
ancestors, too. This study demonstrates that by playing
Scotsmen, the ‘Scots’ of Europe attempt to reconnect with their
Celtic, Nordic, or otherwise pre-modern heritage. They feel that
their own customs, songs, games, and tribes were lost to the
forces of modernisation – but that some of it survived in the
Scottish periphery. They employ Scotland as a site of memory,
as ersatz history.
This thesis is a study of European nostalgia. It examines the
many men and women who attempt to rediscover their
traditions and histories. It is concerned with what Jay Winter
calls the ‘memory boom’; the growing public preoccupation with
history and its remembrance. It argues that Scotland – or
rather, dreams of Scotland – have a special resonance in the
European memory boom.
This study touches upon the fields of public history, memory,
and festive culture. In order to understand how the past is
remembered and re-imagined in Europe today, the author left
the archive and questioned the commemorators. This study
relies on original fieldwork conducted in Belgium, France,
Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Scotland
during 2009 and 2010. The thesis’ focus is a qualitative one
Defining a malaria diagnostic pathway from innovation to adoption: Stakeholder perspectives on data and evidence gaps.
No full textMalaria, a major global health concern, requires effective diagnostic tools for patient care, disease control, and elimination. The pathway from concept to the adoption of diagnostic products is complex, involving multiple steps and stakeholders. To map this process, our study introduces a malaria-specific diagnostic pathway, synthesising existing frameworks with expert insights. Comprising six major stages and 31 related activities, the pathway retains the core stages from existing frameworks and integrates essential malaria diagnostic activities, such as WHO prequalification processes, global stakeholder involvement, and broader health systems considerations. To understand the scope and availability of evidence guiding the activities along this pathway, we conducted an online survey with 113 participants from various stages of the malaria diagnostic pathway. The survey assessed perceptions on four critical attributes of evidence: clear requirements, alignment with user needs, accuracy and reliability, and public and free availability. It also explored the types of evidence used and the challenges and potential solutions related to evidence generation and use. Respondents reported using a broad range of formal and informal data sources. Findings indicated differing levels of agreement on the attributes across pathway stages, with notable challenges in the Approvals and Manufacturing stage and consistent concerns regarding the public availability of data/evidence. The study offers valuable insights for optimising evidence generation and utilisation across the malaria diagnostic pathway. It highlights the need for enhanced stakeholder collaboration, improved data availability, and increased funding to support effective evidence generation, sharing, and use. We propose actionable solutions, including the use of public data repositories, progressive data sharing policies, open-access publishing, capacity-building initiatives, stakeholder engagement forums, and innovative funding solutions. The developed framework and study insights have broader applications, offering a model adaptable for other diseases, particularly for neglected tropical diseases, which face similar diagnostic challenges
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