1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Collagen-specific TCR Repertoire usage in RA and cytokine secretion
No full textRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic joint inflammation, associated with HLA-DR4. Collagen II specific T cells repertoire in DR4+ patients is characterized by a limited number of TCR-beta chain during the acute phase, in part enriched in Synovial fluid. The two more used TCR-beta chains are BV11 and BV13. PBMC from 85 RA patients (47 acute presentations and 38 remissions), cultured with or without collagen peptide, were examined by immunoscope. We also studied IL-17 and IL-13 secretion of collagen-specific individual T cells of 3 DR4+ patients after in vitro stimulation with the peptide and with or without bacteria-derived products. At acute presentation 6/15 patients showed BV11+ T cells and 7/15 showed BV13+ T cell, while after remission the number falls to 1/11 and 2/10, respectively. Some DR7+ patients displayed T cells using similar BV11 and BV13 chains. In this latter case, frequency of positive BV13 samples did not decrease with remission. We observed that 1/17 T cell clonotypes secreted IL-17 or IL-13 after stimulation with peptide. However, after stimulation with peptide in the presence of bacterial products, 3 more individual T cells became able to secrete IL-17. Thus, BV11+ and BV13+ cells are bystander of RA at acute presentation in DR4+ patients. The relative high frequency of these TCRs also in DR1+ and DR7+ patients is possibly due to similarities in peptide selection. In RA patients, secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL- 17 is modulated by exogenous (or endogenous) factors, possibly interacting with PRRs.
Background/Purpose: Joint damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is likely due to pro-inflammatory T cells specific for collagen and recruited into the synovium, where they are activated and promote acute presentation of the disease. We previously described the T cell repertoire specific for human Collagen II peptide 261-273 (hColl261) in HLA-DRB1*04 Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (ERA) patients, compared to that of DRB1*04 healthy subjects and followed it along disease course, showing that T cells specific for this epitope appear during flares of the disease but tend to disappear during remission1. Here we report preliminary observations regarding the presence of specific clonotypes recognized by the ability of hColl-specific (hColl261) T cells to respond to Collagen II peptide and we describe that they seem to secrete IL-17 more than IL-13.
Methods: We enrolled 72 early (disease duration <12 months) RA patients in different disease phases; 44 with an active disease (active ERA) and 28 with non active disease (non active ERA). PBMCs were collected from all patients. All patients were typed for HLA-DRB1: 14 were DRB1*04, 7 were DRB1*01, one was DRB1*04/*01 and 22 were not DRB1*04/*01. Patients were tested for the presence of hColl261 peptide response by immunoscope. In 3 ERA patients synovial fluid mononuclear cells were also examined. In addition, PBMCs were purified from 2 active ERA patients and 1 RA patient at his first remission of disease, stimulated in vitro with hColl261 and IL-17 and IL-13 secreting cells were enriched by MACS® secretion assay. The presence of huColl261-specific TCRs was assessed by immunoscope in samples enriched or depleted for each cytokine, and in samples allowed to proliferate for 3 days in response to the peptide antigen.
Results: We examined the usage of two TCR beta chains that we showed to be frequently used in DRB1*04 ERA patients. Collagen-specific T cells carrying TRBV25 (Vb11(139b)) were used by 6 out of 13 ERA DRB1*04 subjects, 2 out of 7 DRB1*01 subjects (that were both also DRB1*15) and 4 out 21 patients negative for both DRB1*04 and DRB1*01. Usage of TRBV6-4 (Vb13b (199)) appears to be more associated with DRB1*04 subjects, since we found collagen specific T cells using this TCR-beta chain in 6 out of 11 DRB1*04 ERA patients versus 4 out of 21 not DRB1*04 ERA subjects. T cells obtained from 3 PB samples were tested for their capacity to secrete specific cytokines (IL-17 or IL-13) in response to stimulation with collagen II. T cells secreting any of the two cytokines represent only a part of the circulating T cell repertoire specific for huColl261, similar to the observation that a minority of the circulating repertoire is actually able to home to the synovial compartment. IL-17-secreting cells were detected in all 3 samples, but it appears that T cells from the patient in disease remission needed additional stimuli that include bacterial derived non antigenic moieties in order to produce IL-17. hColl261-specific IL-13 producing cells were detected only in one of the 2 active ERA patients.
Conclusions: Eight rearrangements of the TCR beta-chain co-segregate with the collagen-specific response restricted by DRB1*04 and/or DRB1*01. TRBV25 (vβ11)-Jb 2.2 and TRBV6-4(vb13b)-Jb 2.3 rearrangements are associated with the acute phase of disease in DRB1*04 and *01 RA patients; TRBV25 (vβ11)+IL17+ T cells were detected in three patients affected by RA (2 active and 1 ERA and one remission) while TRBV25 (vβ11)+IL13+ T cells were detected only in one ERA patient. TRBV6-4(vβ13b)T cells seems not to secrete any of the two cytokines. From these data we conclude that T cell precursors driving the proinflammatory response in the synovium by the production of IL-17 seem to represent a limited portion of the entire collagen specific repertoire
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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