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Women's empowerment and its link to intimate partner violence and contraceptive use in selected Southeast Asian countries / Ang Chiew Way
No full textAchieving gender equality is essential for the sustainable development of developing countries. Since 1994, the United Nations Population Fund has declared that reproductive rights are fundamental human rights, and uplifting women’s status is a crucial component in improving their well–being. Many efforts to empower women have been made by global leaders following the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals. However, to date, gender inequality remains one of the most prevalent global challenges. In addition, gender inequality exposes women to intimate partner violence (IPV). It further limits women’s access to modern contraception. Many past studies have found that women’s empowerment is one of the main determinants influencing sexual and reproductive health and rights. Hence, this study aims to 1) identify the measures of women’s empowerment at the household level; 2) examine the level of women’s empowerment and its determinants, and 3) examine the association between women’s empowerment and sexual and reproductive health and rights, specifically IPV and modern contraceptive use in selected Southeast Asian countries. This study focuses on Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines because these countries represent the three major religions, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, practiced in Southeast Asia. In addition, the concept of male dominance in Asian society often places women in an inferior position whereby their authority in leadership and decision–making is suppressed. As such, women are often neglected, thus being less empowered in society. This study utilizes the latest data obtained from the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines. The sample for this study includes all women of the reproductive age (15 to 49 years) who are currently married or in a union. Exploratory factor analysis is applied to determine the measures of women’s empowerment. Logistic regression is used to identify the factors influencing women’s empowerment and its association with IPV and modern contraceptive use. The measures of women’s empowerment include women’s household decision–making power, women’s asset ownership, and women’s attitude towards wife–beating. The results show that demographic and socioeconomic factors strongly influence women’s empowerment. Education, work status, and exposure to mass media are significantly associated with women’s empowerment across the countries. In turn, women’s empowerment influences IPV and modern contraceptive use but its effect varies across the countries. Women’s empowerment affects IPV and modern contraceptive use in Cambodia and the Philippines. In Indonesia, women’s empowerment is significantly associated with modern contraceptive use. For Myanmar, the associations of women’s empowerment with IPV and modern contraceptive use are insignificant in the multivariate context. In addition, women with greater exposure to mass media have a lower prevalence of experiencing sexual IPV in the Philippines, while those who have received secondary school education and are working in Cambodia have lower odds of experiencing IPV. The findings of this study provide inputs for policymakers in designing specific policies to improve the status of women
Women’s Empowerment and Modern Contraceptive Use: Evidence from Four Southeast Asian Countries
Get PDFModern contraceptive prevalence rates differ across Southeast Asian countries due to the different levels of socio-economic development, cultural practices, and women’s empowerment. This study investigates the relationship between women’s empowerment and modern contraceptive use in Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines, where Demographic and Health Surveys data are available. The main study variables include modern contraceptive use (as measured by the percentage of married women aged 15-49 currently using a modern contraceptive method) and women’s empowerment measures, which include asset ownership, household decision-making, and attitudes towards spousal violence. Binary logistic regression is used to assess the association between modern contraceptive use and women’s empowerment, controlling for the effects of women’s age, education, work status, exposure to mass media, exposure to family planning via media, place of residence, wealth index, age at marriage, and number of living children. Results show that pills and injections were commonly used across the countries under study. Multivariate analysis reveals that women with greater empowerment were more likely to use a modern contraceptive method, but the effect varied across women’s empowerment indicators. It is important to empower women in the household as disempowered women tend to neglect their rights to access primary health care, which could jeopardize their health. Hence, empowering women remains an important agenda for improving modern contraceptive use within Southeast Asian countries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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