1,721,021 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Regulation of vaccine immunity : from myeloid cell functions to antibody responses
No full textThe generation of vaccine-induced protection against infections relies on a well-coordinated network of innate immune responses, adaptive cellular responses, and humoral responses. Sufficient stimulation of the innate immune system by vaccination is critical to subsequently induce effective pathogen-specific T cell and B cell responses. The magnitude, characteristics and functions of the T cell and B cell response will further determine the protective effect of the vaccines. This thesis has investigated aspects of both the early innate immune response as well as the adaptive T cell and B cell response after vaccination. Specifically, the first part focuses on the functions of different innate myeloid cell subsets in regulating vaccine responses. The second part focuses on the antibody responses induced by a new live pertussis vaccine compared to the currently used acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV).Neutrophils are the major circulating myeloid cells. Heterogeneity and plasticity of neutrophils have received much attention during the past years. In Paper I, we show that neutrophils can present antigens to antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells. This is dependent on the upregulation of MHC-II and costimulatory molecules on neutrophils which can occur in the presence of antigens and autologous antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, we found that neutrophils isolated from lymph nodes draining vaccine injection sites of rhesus macaques can present vaccine antigens to antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Neutrophils may therefore play a role in the induction and regulation of vaccine-specific T cell responses through antigen presentation.There have been efforts trying to understand how vaccines induce immune responses but much less is known about immune suppressive regulation. In Paper II, we demonstrate that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which is a unique population of myeloid cells with suppressive functions particularly on T cells, accumulate transiently after vaccination. We found that monocytic (M)-MDSCs and polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs are present in rhesus blood and possess inherent suppressive effects on T cells. The frequency of M-MDSCs rapidly and transiently increased in the blood, and these cells infiltrated the injection sites after vaccination. We speculate that MDSCs contribute with an immune-balancing role to prevent excessive immune activation and inflammation upon vaccine exposure.In Paper III, we evaluated the immune responses in humans receiving the live attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine BPZE1 in a clinical trial. A single intranasal immunization of BPZE1 induced well-detectable plasmablasts, activated circulating T follicular helper cells, vaccine-specific Th1-polarized CD4+ T cells, memory B cells and antibodies. In contrast to the antibodies induced by the currently used aPV, BPZE1-induced antibodies showed substantially broader specificities to several B. pertussis antigens, many of which were identified for the first time. The BPZE1-induced antibodies were also more potent in mediating bacterial opsonization to stimulate reactive oxygen species production in neutrophils, which further led to enhanced bactericidal function. Collectively, these studies help in the understanding of how myeloid cells dictate immune responses and how the quality and specificities of antibody responses can be influenced by different pertussis vaccine platforms. This information will ultimately aid in the development of better future vaccines.List of scientific papersI. Maria Vono, Ang Lin, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Richard A. Koup, Frank Liang, and Karin Loré. Neutrophils acquire the capacity for antigen presentation to memory CD4+ T cells in vitro and ex vivo. Blood. 2017 Apr 6;129(14):1991-2001. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-10-744441 II. Ang Lin, Frank Liang, Elizabeth A. Thompson, Maria Vono, Sebastian Ols, Gustaf Lindgren, Kimberly Hassett, Hugh Salter, Giuseppe Ciaramella, and Karin Loré. Rhesus macaque myeloid-derived suppressor cells demonstrate T cell inhibitory functions a000418271200027nd are transiently increased after vaccination. The Journal of Immunology. 2018 Jan 1;200(1):286-294. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1701005 II. Ang Lin, Danijela Apostolovic, Maja Jahnmatz, Frank Liang, Sebastian Ols, Teghesti Tecleab, Chenyan Wu, Marianne van Hage, Ken Solovay, Keith Rubin, Camille Locht, Rigmor Thorstensson, Marcel Thalen, and Karin Loré. The live attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine BPZE1 induces a Th1-polarized broad antibody response in humans. [Manuscript]</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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