1,720,956 research outputs found
LOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ARGUMENTATION
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the problem of argumentation in the logical and psychological aspects. Argumentation theory has been defined as an interdisciplinary field of knowledge about how certain conclusions can be reached through logical reasoning. Argumentation theory is included in various sociocultural practices and is used where dialogue, argument, conversation, persuasion and even manipulation are present (after all, the purpose of argumentation is often to strengthen people’s commitment to a particular idea). The basic concepts of argumentation theory have been identified: argumentation, argument, evidence, proof, persuasion, knowledge. The author analyzes the classification of arguments according to the criteria of evidence and the scope of social application. It has been concluded that argumentation theory plays an important role both in modern logical knowledge and in other areas of science, including psychology. Reliance on evidence is an integral feature of correct thinking, but the theory of evidence does not reflect all the features of argumentative theory. Behind each specific argument there is always the personality of the author.Key words: Argumentation Theory, Arguments, Personality, Logics, Truth, Conviction, Knowledge, Society
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
LIFESUCCESSAS A VALUE OF PERSONAL EXISTENCE
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the issue oflife success as axiological problem of personal existence.The accent has been made on the definition of worldview as a generalized system of a personality’s views on the world, on its place in it, as well as on the meaning of its own life and activity, which organizes reality and reflects the theoretical and empirical experience of an individual.The basis of a person’s worldview is the system of life-meaningful values such as Peace, Happiness, Good and Evil, the Purpose and Meaning of being, Glory and Prosperity, Creativity, Freedom, Humanism, Individualism, Justice, etc. It has been stressed that the most important axiological dominant and at the same time the motivation for self-development of an individual in modern cultural context is life success.It has been concluded thatlife success appears as a complex and multilevel ideological and sociocultural phenomenon characterized by internal unity and dialectical inconsistency. On the one hand, success is a characteristic and indicators of a person’s experience of the results of its own actions and efforts for self-development. On the other hand, it is an indicator of the originality of personal position in society.Key words: Values, Personal Existence, Personal Development, Worldview, Success
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
NATIONAL MENTALITY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIIZATION
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the philosophical analysis of the role of national mantality and cultural codes in the development of digital society. The article explores various approaches to the definitions of the concepts of mentality and national cultural code. The main features of mentality have been analyzed. Among them are the following: 1) the mentality is historically and culturally determined; 2) mentality is a structural part of individual consciousness; 3) mentality is changeable and transforms along with changes of the cultural field. The emphasis is placed on the synergetic approach which most fully takes into account the variability of various elements of culture and the relationship between them. The national code of culture is defined as a system of representations, images and stereotypes of consciousness and behavior, which has a non-hierarchical historical character, reflects national values, and also serves as the basis of national identity. It is emphasized that the national cultural code is closely related to the national value system, reflects it, but is not identical to it, since, unlike the value system, the elements of the cultural code are not hierarchical. Despite its ideal nature, the cultural code influences the material aspects of culture through the motivation of the behavior and activities of its carriers. Along with the national cultural code, the concept of the “cultural code of personality” is being formed in modern scientific literature. The cultural code is not something immutable. It can change under the influence of various factors. The article highlights such trends in the transformation of national cultural codes under the influence of digitalization as universalization, localization and individualization. Today the national cultural code serves as a launching pad for the formation of innovation and individual creativity that transcends national cultural boundaries. It has been concluded that the national cultural code provides a kind of “worldview immunity” against the “dark” side of digitalization without hindering the use of its positive possibilities.Key words: Mentality, Cultural Field, Cultural Code, Values, Consciousness, Economy, Digitalization, Society
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
EMOTIONAL SECURITY AS THE OPTIMIZING FACTOR OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES
No full textThe article is devoted to the issue of emotional security as a factor of personal development in psychological and social contexts. The subject matter of the article is emotional security as the factor of optimization of cognition. Emotional security has been defined as a feeling of acceptance and confidence that promotes optimal cognitive and adaptive processes. For a long cognitive processes (memory, attention, perception, understanding, thinking, decision-making, action and impact) time have been interpreted exclusively as rational ones while the emotional and sensory sphere was understood as irrational. In the context of modern psychology the connection between cognitive processes and emotional sphere has become obvious. It has been concluded that emotional security is an important condition for optimizing cognitive processes in the context of learning and creating a safe educational environment. It has been stressed that the cognitive effects of four types of emotions should be taken into account: 1) emotions of novelty – fear, surprise, interest which affect the processes of sensation, perception and attention; 2) emotions of attack – anger, rage and heroism which affect motor and mental processes; 3) emotions of acquisition – pleasure, joy and delight which determine memory processes; 4) emotions of loss – disgust, sadness and despair which facilitate the processes of forgetting and indirectly contribute to the acceleration of thinking and concentration of effort.Key words: Emotions, Feelings, Emotional Security, Learning, Cognition, Mind, Worldview, Success
- …
