41 research outputs found
Glucose as a major antioxidant: When, what for and why it fails?
No full textA human organism depends on stable glucose blood levels in order to maintain its metabolic needs. Glucose is considered to be the most important energy source, and glycolysis is postulated as a backbone pathway. However, when the glucose supply is limited, ketone bodies and amino acids can be used to produce enough ATP. In contrast, for the functioning of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) glucose is essential and cannot be substituted by other metabolites. The PPP generates and maintains the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) needed for the reduction in oxidized glutathione and protein thiols, the synthesis of lipids and DNA as well as for xenobiotic detoxification, regulatory redox signaling and counteracting infections. The flux of glucose into a PPP—particularly under extreme oxidative and toxic challenges—is critical for survival, whereas the glycolytic pathway is primarily activated when glucose is abundant, and there is lack of NADP+ that is required for the activation of glucose‐6 phosphate dehydrogenase. An important role of glycogen stores in resistance to oxidative challenges is discussed. Current evidences explain the disruptive metabolic effects and detrimental health consequences of chronic nutritional carbohydrate overload, and provide new insights into the positive metabolic effects of intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, exercise, and ketogenic diet through modulation of redox homeostasis
Classification and multiple testing for microarray data
No full textThis thesis aims to provide a solution to the classification and hypothesis testing problems as well as to create a tool to perform clustering, hypothesis testing or classification tasks automatically via simple menu-driven interface. Since the first appearance of microarrays in 1995, they became a technique for large gene expression screening worldwide. The quantity of data generated from microarray experiments is enormous, requiring new careful methods of analysis of these high-dimensional data. One of the problems encountered when dealing with this type of data is overfitting. Overfitting happens when information selected is related to the condition of interest only by chance. This thesis consists of four major parts. The first part contains the overview of microarray methodology and current techniques applied to analyze gene expression data. The second part uses partial least squares themed idea to develop the algorithm where one can control the FDR (false discovery rate) to extract differentially expressed genes in the analysis of gene expression data. The above procedure can be either used separately or as a part of the scheme where it provides weights that can be used together with another selection method or as a part of ensemble. The third part of the thesis deals with the problem of comparing several treatments to the control. In the setting where one wants to find a ‘bump’ in measurements of several groups, the test statistic is considered that is based on maximum and minimum of the group mean differences. Then the derived distribution of a proposed test statistic can be used to make inferences. The fourth part describes the software developed to provide a menu-driven computing environment for data manipulation and analysis. It includes different methods that can be used to compare expression profiles of genes and methods for gene clustering and various visualization and exploration.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Yauheniya Cherka
Broadcasting Reproductive Culture as a Way to Preserve Domestic Intangible Cultural Heritage (based on Materials from the Perm Province of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries); [Трансляция репродуктивной культуры как способ сохранения отечественного нематериального культурного наследия (на материалах Пермской губернии второй половины XIX – начала ХХ вв.)]
No full textThe article examines the problem of preserving Russian intangible cultural heritage through the formation and consistent implementation of that part of family rituals that was associated with the reproductive culture of the peasant community, which made up the majority of the population of the Russian Empire. In a similar way, the transmission of value and behavioral attitudes of the reproductive strategy took place from generation to generation. The study is based on materials from the Perm province, chronologically dating back to the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The main sources were descriptions of various rituals and records of folklore, preserved both in published form and in archival materials. Using various methods of historical science, including microhistory, the author managed to extract from descriptive source material the meaning that the peasants invested in each ritual element. It was found that the main mechanisms for transmitting the value and behavioral attitudes of Russian reproductive culture – the family and the Russian Orthodox Church – were aimed at one goal that was vitally important for the peasant community – the conception and birth of as many children as possible, preferably healthy ones. For this purpose, knowledge, traditions, customs and rituals have been passed on for centuries among the people, information about which was recorded by local historians, observers and scientists. All this entered the treasury of Russian culture, forming a fund of domestic intangible cultural heritage. Copyright © 2024 by Cherkas Global University
4-Hydroxynonenal in Redox Homeostasis of Gastrointestinal Mucosa: Implications for the Stomach in Health and Diseases
No full textMaintenance of integrity and function of the gastric mucosa (GM) requires a high regeneration rate of epithelial cells during the whole life span. The health of the gastric epithelium highly depends on redox homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and activity of detoxifying systems within the cells, as well as robustness of blood supply. Bioactive products of lipid peroxidation, in particular, second messengers of free radicals, the bellwether of which is 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), are important mediators in physiological adaptive reactions and signaling, but they are also thought to be implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous gastric diseases. Molecular mechanisms and consequences of increased production of HNE, and its protein adducts, in response to stressors during acute and chronic gastric injury, are well studied. However, several important issues related to the role of HNE in gastric carcinogenesis, tumor growth and progression, the condition of GM after eradication of Helicobacter pylori, or the relevance of antioxidants for HNE-related redox homeostasis in GM, still need more studies and new comprehensive approaches. In this regard, preclinical studies and clinical intervention trials are required, which should also include the use of state-of-the-art analytical techniques, such as HNE determination by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as modern mass-spectroscopy methods
Russian Liberal-Conservative Organizations in Pre-Revolutionary Ukraine: the Poltava Party of Legal Order
No full textThe article is devoted to the emergence of Russian liberal-conservative political organizations in the Little Russian provinces under the conditions of the revolution of 1905–1907. The focus is on the history of the Poltava organization of the Party of Legal Order, which was a significant political structure of the center-right. The source base for this study was documents stored in the funds of the State Archives of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Russian Federation) and the Russian State Historical Archives (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation). In addition, materials from the periodical press – “Poltavskaya zemskaya gazeta”, as well as the central press were used. The methodological basis of the study is the theoretical developments of specialists in the field of studying the phenomenon of political parties. Using these conceptual constructions, the author comes to the conclusion that the organizers of the Party of Legal Order in Poltava were moderately reformist figures of local zemstvo and city governments. They believed that a progressive movement of Russia was necessary on the basis of the principles proclaimed in the Manifesto of October 17, 1905. Russian nationalism and the negative attitude of law enforcement officers to the idea of equal rights for Jews in Russia were also consolidating factors for many local PPP organizations. The leaders of the Poltava organization of the PPP sought to use administrative resources to carry out a political mobilization of the population based on the principles of the party program. However, the author comes to the conclusion that the project of the Poltava PPP organization cannot be called completely successful. In the context of the political crisis in the country, associated with the defeat in the Russo-Japanese war and unrest in society, the public was not inclined to compromise with the authorities, which was advocated by the law enforcement officers. As a result, the organizers of this party in the Poltava province themselves eventually decided to reorient themselves to other political projects, in particular, to the Union of October 17th. Copyright © 2023 by Cherkas Global University.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, MinobrnaukaThe research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Program of Development within the Priority-2030 Program) is gratefully acknowledged
The Far East of Russia as a Region of Transit Migration on the Eve of the First World War
No full textThe article is devoted to the role of the Far East as a region of transit migration in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. The author focuses on the period on the eve of the First World War, associated with the implementation of government resettlement policy in the framework of the agrarian reform of P.A. Stolypin. The source base for this study was the documents stored in the fund “Head of the Settlement of Settlers in the Khabarovsk District” of the State Archive of the Khabarovsk Territory (Khabarovsk, Russian Federation). In addition, materials from regional periodicals were used – the newspapers Priamurskiye Vedomosti (Khabarovsk), Priamurye (Khabarovsk), Priamurskaya Zhizn (Khabarovsk), and Dalniy Vostok (Vladivostok). The methodological basis of the study was the theoretical developments of national and foreign migration scientists. Using these conceptual approaches, the author shows a close connection between the failures of the government's resettlement policy and the development of the phenomenon of emigration from the Russian Empire. It is proved that the survival rate of new settlers remained an extremely acute problem in the Russian Far East at the beginning of the 20th century. At the same time, historical sources show that the reasons for this situation were not only the psychological unpreparedness of some of the settlers to settle in a certain place, but also the desire of some of them to use government loans for resettlement for selfish purposes. The documents involved allow substantiating the thesis that the expert community of the region associated with the structures of the administration of the Amur Governor-General realized that there were objective problems that prevented the successful consolidation of settlers in the region. These problems were associated with the underdevelopment of the socio-cultural infrastructure, unfavorable climatic conditions, and competition for the migrant peasants from agricultural producers from Manchuria. All these factors led to the fact that part of the settlers began to consider the Far East only as a transit region and moved on, emigrating to the USA, Australia and other countries. Copyright © 2022 by Cherkas Global University.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, MinobrnaukaThe research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Program of Development within the Priority-2030 Program) is gratefully acknowledged
A study of the role of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in development of Helicobacter pylori-induced insulin resistance in asymptomatic sedentary young men
No full textA study of the role of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in development of [i]Helicobacter[/i] pylori-induced insulin resistance in asymptomatic sedentary young men. OCC World Congress / Annual SFRR-E Conferenc
EVOLUTION OF SINGAPORE'S NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY
No full textThe article describes the evolution of Singapore's National Security Strategy according to specific threats at different stages of the country'sdevelopment. Based on the analysis of the National Security Strategy, adopted in 2004, the author examines the specific measures taken by theGovernment to overcome the security challenges and ways to establish the inter-agency coordination of authorities, businesses and civil society.Given the innovation and openness of the economy of the Republic of Singapore, particular attention is paid to the Cybersecurity Strategy, as wellas to the cooperation with other countries working together to overcome security challenge.Keywords: Republic of Singapore, national security, transnational terrorism, inter-agency coordination, cybersecurity, social harmony
Center Problem for trigonometric Liénard systems
No full textAgraïments: The third author is partially supported by FCT/Portugal through UID/MAT/04459/2013.We give a complete algebraic characterization of the non-degenerated centers for planar trigonometric Liénard systems. The main tools used in our proof are the classical results of Cherkas on planar analytic Liénard systems and the characterization of some subfields of the quotient field of the ring of trigonometric polynomials. Our results are also applied to some particular subfamilies of planar trigonometric Liénard systems. The results obtained are reminiscent of the ones for planar polynomial Liénard systems but the proofs are different
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in Health and Disease: Its Contribution to Gastrointestinal Disorders and Systemic Metabolic Effects
No full textHelicobacter pylori is one of the most common human infections worldwide and it is estimated that more than half of global population is affected. This microorganism induces oxidative stress in gastric mucosa and causes chronic gastritis, duodenal peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, and as reasonably suspected a number of extragastric diseases [1,2]. Our research was focused on both local (on the level of gastric mucosa) and systemic effects of H. pylori positivity in patients with duodenal peptic ulcer and healthy volunteers. It was shown that increased accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) persists even despite H. pylori eradication [3,4]. We performed an interventional study to evaluate effects of Amaranth oil on accumulation of HNE-histidine adducts in gastric mucosa of patients undergoing routine anti-H. pylori treatment. It was demonstrated that Amaranth oil supplementation provided significant improvement of gastric mucosa morphological pattern and also had a positive effect on heart rate variability [5]. In a separate study we demonstrated that H. pylori in apparently healthy sedentary young male subjects is associated with higher heart rate, sympathetic activity and insulin resistance, however, we detected no changes in parameters reflecting inflammatory profile, metabolic parameters or oxidative stress [6–8]. In summary, there is a growing evidence of systemic metabolic effects of H. pylori infection not only in patients with overt gastrointestinal disorders, but also in apparently asymptomatic healthy subjects. Thus H. pylori status should be seriously considered in human studies focusing on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches
