1,723,038 research outputs found
Depression in Neurologic Disorders: Why Should Neurologists Care?
No full textDepressive disorders are a frequent psychiatric comorbidity in patients with neurologic disease with prevalence rates ranging between 30% and 50%. Yet, despite their relative high prevalence, they remain underrecognized and undertreated.
Depressive disorders can have a negative impact on the course and response to treatment of several neurologic disorders, including stroke, migraine, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's dementia. This chapter reviews some of the evidence and tries to make the case of why neurologists should care to recognize early the presence of a comorbid depressive disorder and facilitate its treatment
Poststroke Depression
No full textPoststroke depression (PSD) is a relatively frequent psychiatric comorbidity with prevalence rates ranging between 30% and 50%. Typically, PSD tends to occur between the third and sixth month following a stroke and may be identical to primary major or minor depressive episodes. However, some elderly patients (aged 65 years and older) with bilateral silent or overt subcortical strokes may present a different type of depression in which depressed mood is associated with cognitive disturbances with impairment of executive functions, psychomotor retardation, poor insight, and impaired activities of daily living. This type of PSD is known as vascular depression.
Stroke and depressive disorders have a bidirectional relation, whereby not only are patients with stroke at greater risk of developing a PSD, but patients with a history of depression are at greater risk of developing a stroke. This relation is mediated by the existence of common pathogenic mechanisms operant in both conditions, which include anti‐inflammatory processes, a hyperactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis that can result in a hypercoagulable state, as well as cardiac disturbances.
The presence of PSD is associated with a worse recovery of activities of daily living, cognitive disturbances, and a higher mortality risk. Thus, early identification of PSD is of the essence so that treatment can be started without delay
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Suicidality in Neurologic Diseases
No full textSuicidality is a relatively frequent complication of most major neurologic disorders, including stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, migraine, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and traumatic and spinal cord injury. In some neurologic conditions like epilepsy, suicide accounts for up to 15% of all deaths.
The presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders, in particular major depressive and generalized anxiety disorder occurring together, can be among the leading risk factors for suicidality in patients with neurologic disorders. Thus, screening for these conditions can facilitate the detection of patients at risk for suicidal behavior. In this chapter, we review the epidemiologic aspects, pathogenic mechanisms, and clinical manifestations of suicidality in the major neurologic disorders
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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